{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:46:35Z","timestamp":1790390795898,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2024-00457696"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00457696"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["RS-2024-00457696"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00457696"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013aysd81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2025-02223691"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-02223691"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["RS-2025-02223691"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-02223691"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00fdzyk40","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Soonchunhyang University research Fund"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03qjsrb10","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Buds are continuously renewed sensory organs in which development, adult maintenance, and repair share overlapping molecular circuitry. During embryogenesis, WNT\/\u03b2-catenin signaling promotes taste placode formation and placodal Shh expression, while SHH refines papilla spacing and restricts neighboring papilla formation. SOX2 functions as a taste-competence and progenitor maintenance factor. In adults, LGR5\/LGR6\u2013RSPO\u2013WNT signaling sustains progenitor activity, and gustatory neurons are an important source of RSPO2; available genetic evidence is consistent with a neuron-derived contribution to the LGR5\/LGR6 niche, and AAV-Cre-mediated neuron-specific ablation of Rspo2 in the petrosal ganglion led to near-complete loss of circumvallate taste buds. HH signaling from epithelial and neuronal sources further supports SOX2-dependent progenitor homeostasis. Lineage allocation is governed by transcriptional programs that include POU2F3\/SKN-1a for sweet, umami, and bitter type II taste receptor cells, and ASCL1 with posterior-field NKX2-2 for type III presynaptic\/sour cells. After denervation or irradiation, regeneration depends primarily on LGR5+\/KRT14+ progenitors and may be supplemented, in specific injury contexts, by plasticity of a subset of K8-lineage taste receptor cells that acquire KRT14\/SOX2\/PCNA progenitor-like features. Key unresolved questions include the direct chromatin targets of taste lineage regulators (which remain to be defined by ChIP-seq in native taste progenitors), the identity of the type I cell selector, the contribution of dedifferentiation across injury models, and the degree to which mouse-derived networks are conserved in human taste biology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27135644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T03:09:17Z","timestamp":1782270557000},"page":"5644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Converging Signaling Networks Drive Taste Bud Morphogenesis, Turnover, and Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"In Young","family":"Jo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1672-5730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Research Institute for Intractable Osteonecrosis of the Jaw, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Kyeom","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health Behavior and Nutrition Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6935-0936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong-Oh","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.68","article-title":"Taste buds: Cells, signals and synapses","volume":"18","author":"Roper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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