{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T04:46:34Z","timestamp":1782535594928,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004564","name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["451-03-34\/2026-03\/200111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-34\/2026-03\/200111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences of the University of Kragujevac","award":["MP 02\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MP 02\/19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>New copper(II) (C1) and palladium(II) (C2) complexes with S,O-tetradentate ligand (L) derived from thiosalicylic and thiopropionic acids were synthesized. In cell-based assays, (C1) exhibited the most pronounced activity within the tested compound series and was therefore advanced for mechanistic evaluation in 4T1 triple-negative breast cancer cells. (C1) significantly reduced 4T1 cell viability by inducing early and late apoptosis, accompanied by mitochondrial membrane depolarization and enhanced cytochrome C release. Consistently, (C1) increased the Bax\/Bcl-2 ratio, promoting a pro-apoptotic shift. In parallel, (C1) triggered autophagy, as evidenced by decreased p62 and LC3B levels, induced G0\/G1 cell-cycle arrest, and suppressed proliferative signaling by downregulating Ki67, cyclin D, and phosphorylated AKT. The DNA-binding studies showed moderate to strong affinity, favoring minor groove binding, with higher affinity for (C1) than for (C2). Tryptophan fluorescence quenching indicated a strong interaction with BSA via a predominantly static mechanism, more pronounced for (C1). Molecular docking at the DNA and BSA binding sites corroborated experimental findings and suggested favorable interactions between the complexes and apoptosis-related proteins (CASP3, BAX, and BCL2). The integrated experimental and computational data identify (C1) as a biologically active compound with multimodal biological effects in vitro, supporting further structural optimization and mechanistic investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27135659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T03:09:17Z","timestamp":1782270557000},"page":"5659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biological Activity of Copper(II) and Palladium(II) Complexes with a Tetradentate S,O-Donor Ligand"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Anita","family":"Sari\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara 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Lj.","family":"Tomovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovi\u0107a 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andriana M.","family":"Bukonji\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovi\u0107a 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5219-2591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Djordje","family":"Petrovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovi\u0107a 12, 34000 Kragujevac, 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