{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T01:46:00Z","timestamp":1782438360706,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Surgical intervention in Crohn\u2019s disease remains a significant contributor to patient morbidity, with postoperative complication rates reported between 20% and 50%. These complications include a broad spectrum of adverse outcomes, such as surgical site infections, intra-abdominal abscesses, and anastomotic leakage, all of which can substantially impact recovery, healthcare costs, and long-term prognosis. Although several clinical and perioperative risk factors have been identified, accurate prediction of postoperative outcomes remains challenging, highlighting the need for improved risk stratification strategies. In recent years, the evolution of biological therapies has transformed the management of Crohn\u2019s disease, raising important questions regarding their influence on surgical outcomes and postoperative healing. Consequently, a more nuanced understanding of the interplay between medical and surgical approaches is required to optimize patient care. This systematic review aims to evaluate established and emerging predictive biomarkers associated with postoperative complications in Crohn\u2019s disease surgery. Particular emphasis is placed on inflammatory markers, nutritional parameters, and novel molecular signatures. Furthermore, the review explores the growing role of multiomics approaches\u2014including genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics\u2014as well as the integration of machine learning models to enhance predictive accuracy. By synthesizing current evidence, this study underscores the potential of combining biomarkers with advanced analytical tools to support personalized risk assessment and guide clinical decision-making in Crohn\u2019s disease surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27135731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:49:23Z","timestamp":1782434963000},"page":"5731","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk Factors and Predictive Biomarkers for Postoperative Complications in Crohn\u2019s Disease Surgery: Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Bobu\u021bac","family":"Eduard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaharie Delia","family":"Roxana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology \u201cOctavian Fodor\u201d, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0571-1624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u0103lean","family":"Dan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emil","family":"Moi\u0219","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology \u201cOctavian Fodor\u201d, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u0103lin","family":"Popa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology \u201cOctavian Fodor\u201d, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0126-6428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andra","family":"Ciocan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology \u201cOctavian Fodor\u201d, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadim","family":"Al-Hajjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology \u201cOctavian Fodor\u201d, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9618-9359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florin","family":"Zaharie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology \u201cOctavian Fodor\u201d, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2017.04.010","article-title":"Crohn Disease: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management","volume":"92","author":"Feuerstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. 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