{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:59:06Z","timestamp":1785416346096,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Thailand Research Fund, Agriculture Section","award":["RDG5420069\/2011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RDG5420069\/2011"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002842","name":"Chiang Mai University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002842","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05m2fqn25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mango (Mangifera indica L.) pulp contains bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic effects against metabolic and immune-related disorders. However, the integrated effects of mango pulp extract on metabolic, cardiovascular, and immunomodulatory functions remain insufficiently characterized. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the phytochemical composition and evaluate the activity of M. indica (Mahajanaka) pulp ethanolic extract (MPEE) in rat models. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats were used to assess metabolic and cardiovascular effects, while immune function was examined through neutrophil phagocytosis, splenocyte proliferation, lymphocyte subpopulation analysis, and cytokine secretion. MPEE exhibited a rich phytochemical profile, particularly phenolic compounds, along with strong antioxidant activity (339 \u00b1 8.9 mg gallic acid equivalent\/g extract). In STZ-induced diabetic rats, MPEE at 300 mg\/kg significantly reduced plasma triglyceride (36.7%) and total cholesterol (45.3%) levels compared with untreated diabetic controls, although its antihyperglycemic effect was modest (6.8%). In L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats, MPEE at 400 mg\/kg produced the greatest reduction in blood pressure (42.7%) and heart rate (53.5%). Furthermore, MPEE enhanced neutrophil phagocytic activity (43%), with significant increases observed at doses of 100\u2013400 mg\/kg. These findings indicate that MPEE exerts antioxidant, hypolipidemic, antihypertensive, and innate immunostimulatory activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27135742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:49:23Z","timestamp":1782434963000},"page":"5742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phytochemical Characterization and Immunometabolic Modulation by Mangifera indica (Mahajanaka) Pulp Extract in Diabetic and Hypertensive Rat Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Wachiraporn","family":"Tipsuwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hathairat","family":"Thananchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anusara","family":"Pongjanta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"School of Health Science, Chiang Rai Rajabhat University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suphatta","family":"Yubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tawat","family":"Taesothikul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Payap University, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duangta","family":"Kanjanapothi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Payap University, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanping","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"School of Medical Technology and Artificial Intelligence, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5706-8781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Somdet","family":"Srichairatanakool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-017-0449-y","article-title":"Mangiferin: A natural miracle bioactive compound against lifestyle related disorders","volume":"16","author":"Imran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-7847.65325","article-title":"Mangifera indica (mango)","volume":"4","author":"Shah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. 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