{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T11:43:40Z","timestamp":1782906220226,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sapu Bioscience, LLC"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Everolimus is approved for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma after VEGF-targeted therapy, metastatic HR-positive\/HER2-negative breast cancer in combination with exemestane, and other oncologic indications. However, an intravenous option has not been developed, largely due to its pronounced hydrophobicity and limited oral bioavailability of approximately 15\u201320%. In this study, we report the development of Sapu003, a novel intravenous Everolimus formulation enabled through the Deciparticle\u2122 platform. A diverse library of mPEG-based block copolymers was evaluated for their ability to encapsulate Everolimus and self-assemble into stable nanoparticle structures. mPEG-Chol was ultimately selected based on its favorable biocompatibility characteristics. In addition to Everolimus, mPEG-Chol and related analogs demonstrated broad formulation compatibility with multiple hydrophobic therapeutics, including Sirolimus, Tacrolimus, Cyclosporine, as well as representative peptides and polyketides. Clinical manufacturing was conducted in a cGMP environment over a 7-day production cycle. Production was carried out under amber light using light-protective vials to reduce drug degradation. The bulk material was sterile-filtered, and subsequent fill\/finish\/lyophilization operations were performed under temperature-controlled conditions with high precision in fill accuracy (\u226598%). After reconstitution, the final product yielding uniform Deciparticles\u2122 that met predefined sterility and particle size criteria. Stability studies demonstrated that the formulation remained stable for at least one month at 5 \u00b0C and retained acceptable in-use stability for at least 24 h at room temperature. The process was successfully scaled beyond 10 g, supporting an ongoing Phase 1b open-label dose escalation clinical study of Sapu003 in combination with exemestane in patients with advanced mTOR-sensitive solid tumors (NCT07369505). In vivo evaluation demonstrated strong antitumor efficacy following intravenous administration (QW \u00d7 3), with tumor growth inhibition reaching 97\u201398% in the U-87MG glioblastoma xenograft model. No evidence of phlebitis was observed with repeated tail vein dosing. In this model, Sapu003 dosed weekly showed superior tumor suppression compared with oral Everolimus. Collectively, screening of a mPEG-block copolymer library identified mPEG-Chol as a lead excipient capable of consistently forming stable Deciparticles\u2122 with sub-20 nm mean particle size. The resulting intravenous Everolimus formulation demonstrated scalable manufacturing, favorable stability, and potent antitumor activity in preclinical models, supporting further clinical evaluation of Sapu003 in advanced solid tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27135775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:55:11Z","timestamp":1782780911000},"page":"5775","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intravenous Everolimus Formulation (Sapu003) for Clinical Trials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Sheng-Hao","family":"Min","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapu Bioscience, LLC, 10840 Thornmint Road, Suite 118, San Diego, CA 92127, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Forero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapu Bioscience, LLC, 10840 Thornmint Road, Suite 118, San Diego, CA 92127, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Putnam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapu Bioscience, LLC, 10840 Thornmint Road, Suite 118, San Diego, CA 92127, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapu Bioscience, LLC, 10840 Thornmint Road, Suite 118, San Diego, CA 92127, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Hoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapu Bioscience, LLC, 10840 Thornmint Road, Suite 118, San Diego, CA 92127, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Lopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapu Bioscience, LLC, 10840 Thornmint Road, Suite 118, San Diego, CA 92127, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vuong","family":"Trieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncotelic Therapeutics Inc., 29397 Agoura Road, Suite 107, Agoura Hills, CA 91301, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwun","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapu Bioscience, LLC, 10840 Thornmint Road, Suite 118, San Diego, CA 92127, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapu Nano (US) LLC, 10801 Thornmint Rd. 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