{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:06:52Z","timestamp":1785424012406,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00snfqn58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011776","name":"Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI127-CI-IPOP-118-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI127-CI-IPOP-118-2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011776","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["PI127-CI-IPOP-118-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI127-CI-IPOP-118-2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/027ras364","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024791","name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UIDB\/04033\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04033\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024791","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["UIDB\/04033\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04033\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h1p3y81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production","award":["LA\/P\/0126\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0126\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese League Against Cancer\u2014Northern Branch"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/035q6v129","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a complex metabolic syndrome characterised by progressive skeletal muscle loss, systemic inflammation, reduced treatment tolerance, and poor survival. Marked interindividual variability in CAC susceptibility suggests that host genetic factors may contribute to its development. Vitamin D plays an important role in muscle metabolism and inflammatory control through activation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR). VDR signalling influences myogenesis, mitochondrial function, insulin-like growth factor pathways, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, all of which are implicated in CAC pathogenesis. Hence, VDR variants, including the rs731236 (A&gt;G) polymorphism, which modifies receptor activity, may affect CAC pathogenesis. Thus, this study investigated the association between the polymorphism and susceptibility to CAC as well as patient survival in a cohort of 140 adult cancer patients. Briefly, the rs731236 GG genotype was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of CAC across disease diagnostic approaches (chi-square tests, p &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, GG genotype carriers demonstrated significantly improved survival compared with carriers of AA\/AG genotypes (Log-rank and Tarone\u2013Ware tests, p &lt; 0.05). In summary, these findings suggest that the rs731236 polymorphism influences both susceptibility to CAC and survival outcomes in patients with cancer, further supporting a clinically relevant role for vitamin D signalling in supportive oncology care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27135816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:55:11Z","timestamp":1782780911000},"page":"5816","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vitamin D Receptor rs731236 Polymorphism Modulates Cancer Cachexia Susceptibility and Overall Survival: A Real-World Study on Context-Dependent Vitamin D Signalling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3680-7757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Val\u00e9ria","family":"Tavares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Centre (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)\/Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine\/RISE-Associate Laboratory (Health Research Network)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (EMCB), Fernando Pessoa University, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1969-9363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Carolina Le\u00e3o","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Centre (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)\/Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine\/RISE-Associate Laboratory (Health Research Network)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3072-4969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Fl\u00e1via","family":"Xavier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Centre (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)\/Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine\/RISE-Associate Laboratory (Health Research Network)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas Guerra","family":"de Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Centre (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)\/Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine\/RISE-Associate Laboratory (Health Research Network)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6652-9770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Centre (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)\/Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine\/RISE-Associate Laboratory (Health Research Network)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana Moreira","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Centre (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)\/Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine\/RISE-Associate Laboratory (Health Research Network)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Day Hospital, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virg\u00ednia Rocha","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Day Hospital, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Paula","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palliative Care Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6268-524X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana M. O.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Centre (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)\/Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine\/RISE-Associate Laboratory (Health Research Network)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3010-8373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Centre (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)\/Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine\/RISE-Associate Laboratory (Health Research Network)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (EMCB), Fernando Pessoa University, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"European Cancer Organisation (ECO), 1040 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2023.103989","article-title":"Thrombosis and cachexia in cancer: Two partners in crime?","volume":"186","author":"Tavares","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit. 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