{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T03:16:21Z","timestamp":1787886981704,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":174,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32570449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32570449"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42476123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42476123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["32570449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32570449"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["42476123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42476123"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Shandong Province","award":["U23A20146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U23A20146"]}]},{"award":["U23A20146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U23A20146"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences for Grand Challenges","award":["324GJHZ2023029GC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["324GJHZ2023029GC"]}]},{"award":["324GJHZ2023029GC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["324GJHZ2023029GC"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/034t30j35","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Major Project of Yantai City","award":["2024ZDCX026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZDCX026"]}]},{"name":"Changchun Branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Changchun Science and Technology Bureau","award":["24SH15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24SH15"]}]},{"award":["24SH15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24SH15"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/034t30j35","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The overreliance on chemical pesticides has caused severe environmental contamination, health risks, and increasing pest and pathogen resistance, creating an urgent need for greener and more efficient alternatives in sustainable agriculture. Microalgae-mediated green nano-synthesis has emerged as a promising strategy because of its environmental compatibility, cost-effectiveness, and multifunctional potential. This review critically summarizes recent advances in microalgae-derived nanomaterials for agricultural applications. First, we discuss the biochemical basis of nanoparticle biosynthesis, highlighting the roles of microalgal polysaccharides, proteins, photosynthetic pigments, extracellular polymeric substances, and secondary metabolites as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents. We then summarize intracellular and extracellular synthesis pathways, advanced synthesis strategies, and key reaction parameters, including temperature, pH, and metal precursor concentration, which regulate nanoparticle size, morphology, stability, and yield. Subsequently, major microalgae-derived nanomaterials, including gold, silver, selenium, zinc oxide, bimetallic, and other functional nanoparticles, are discussed in relation to their agricultural applications. These nanomaterials show potential in bacterial, fungal, and viral disease control, biofilm disruption, plant growth promotion, yield enhancement, and abiotic stress mitigation. Their agronomic effects are associated with multiple mechanisms, including reactive oxygen species generation, pathogen membrane disruption, inhibition of biofilm formation, enhanced nutrient bioavailability, antioxidant regulation, and activation of plant systemic resistance. In addition, this review evaluates the phytotoxicity, biocompatibility, soil microbial impacts, and environmental safety of microalgae-derived nanomaterials, emphasizing that green synthesis does not automatically guarantee biosafety. Finally, we discuss their integration into circular agriculture through CO2 capture and wastewater-derived metal recovery, while highlighting remaining challenges in scale-up, quality control, economic feasibility, regulatory classification, and public acceptance. Overall, microalgae-mediated nanotechnology offers a promising platform for developing safer, more efficient, and circular agricultural inputs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27135875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T05:58:04Z","timestamp":1782799084000},"page":"5875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Microalgae-Mediated Nanotechnology for Sustainable Agriculture: Applications, Advances, and Future Prospects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zirui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoukai","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2908-2711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongli","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1940-9036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongliang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119722","article-title":"Prospects and challenges of nanopesticides in advancing pest management for sustainable agricultural and environmental service","volume":"261","author":"Zainab","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. 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