{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T05:55:51Z","timestamp":1793339751620,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cancer remains one of the most complex diseases to study and treat, with tumour microenvironment heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance continuing to limit clinical progress. Biomaterials-based nanoparticles have emerged as versatile platforms that not only advance understanding of cancer biology but also enable innovative therapeutic strategies. As mechanistic tools, nanoparticles can be used to investigate extracellular matrix interactions, mechanotransduction pathways, drug resistance, and tumour\u2013immune crosstalk, providing insights into how physical and biochemical cues influence disease progression. Therapeutically, engineered nanoparticle systems have been developed for the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics, nucleic acids, and immunomodulatory agents, incorporating features such as stimuli-responsive release, multifunctionality, and theranostic capabilities. Recent advances in patient-derived tumour models, high-throughput screening platforms, and artificial intelligence-assisted design are further driving the development of precision nanomedicine. Despite ongoing challenges related to biodistribution, safety, manufacturing scalability, and regulatory approval, nanoparticle-based biomaterials offer significant opportunities to bridge fundamental cancer research and clinical translation. This review highlights recent mechanistic and therapeutic advances, discusses key translational barriers, and outlines future directions at the interface of biomaterials, nanotechnology, and oncology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27135930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T10:41:01Z","timestamp":1782902461000},"page":"5930","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Nanoparticle-Based Biomaterials in Cancer Research: From Mechanistic Insights to Therapeutic Innovation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Manoochehr","family":"Rasekh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University of London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4539-0888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sassan","family":"Hafizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St. Michael\u2019s Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e82090","article-title":"Tumor Microenvironment: A Complex Landscape of Cancer Development and Drug Resistance","volume":"17","author":"Fatima","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-21-1948","article-title":"A Narrative Review of Tumor Heterogeneity and Challenges to Tumor Drug Therapy","volume":"9","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. 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