{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T12:17:06Z","timestamp":1783685826018,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The thermal decomposition performance of ammonium perchlorate (AP) is a key factor in regulating the combustion of composite solid propellants, and its catalytic decomposition process is considered a typical multiphase catalytic process. The exposure of catalytic centers during multiphase catalysis is a key factor affecting catalytic performance. In response to the problem of low atomic utilization efficiency of traditional metal oxide catalysts, this study successfully prepared nitrogen-doped carbon-supported single-atom cobalt catalyst (SACo-PC-X) using the \u201czinc volatilization pore formation and nitrogen anchoring\u201d method with inexpensive biomass as the precursor. Aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy, together with XPS and XRD analyses, suggests that Co species are predominantly stabilized in an atomically dispersed Co-Nx configuration. This catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic performance for the thermal decomposition of AP, significantly reducing its high-temperature decomposition temperature from 433.5 \u00b0C to 322.7 \u00b0C (The cobalt content in the system is less than 0.2%). Gas studies have shown that Co-Nx sites efficiently accelerate the oxidation process of NH3 by promoting electron transfer, resulting in a significant increase in the proportion of N2O gas. This work not only provides an efficient and stable new catalyst for AP decomposition, but also offers new ideas for designing energetic material decomposition catalysts at the atomic level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27135964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T15:52:24Z","timestamp":1783007544000},"page":"5964","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biochar-Based Single-Atom Cobalt Catalyst for Efficient Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate: Preparation, Performance and Mechanism"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Yixin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"System Design Institute of Hubei Aerospace Technology Academy, Wuhan 430040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuming","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeyu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2546-9502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yifu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4835-8314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanfen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0265-2438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2024.101195","article-title":"Review and Assessment of the Ammonium Perchlorate Chemistry in AP\/HTPB Composite Propellant Gas-Phase Chemical Kinetics Mechanisms","volume":"106","author":"Mathieu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Prog. 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