{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T03:21:16Z","timestamp":1787800876663,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["43\/PB\/RID\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["43\/PB\/RID\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["43\/PB\/RID\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["43\/PB\/RID\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05dwvd537","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Minister of Science\u2019s program","award":["RID\/SP\/0027\/2024\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RID\/SP\/0027\/2024\/01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metabolic risk increases with age and may be accompanied by changes in adipocytokine secretion and insulin sensitivity. The primary exploratory aim of this prospective, uncon-trolled study was to determine whether repeated whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) changes circulating meteorin-like hormone (METRNL) concentrations in women of different ages. Secondary exploratory outcomes included irisin, asprosin, leptin, adiponectin, insulin, fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride\u2013glucose index (TyG), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and the leptin\/adiponectin ratio. A total of 48 women were divided into three groups: GR-60 (60\u201370 years, n = 14), GR-40 (40\u201350 years, n = 18), and GR-20 (20\u201330 years, n = 16). Participants underwent 30 WBC sessions, each lasting 3 min at minus 120 \u00b0C. Blood samples were collected before the first WBC session, after the 10th, 20th, and 30th sessions, and two weeks after the final session. Repeated WBC did not significantly change circulating METRNL or other adipocytokines in any age group. A preliminary decrease in insulin concentration and HOMA-IR was observed after 20 WBC sessions only in GR-60. These findings suggest that repeated WBC may be associated with favorable changes in selected insulin-resistance markers in older postmenopausal women; however, the absence of a non-WBC control group, small subgroup sizes, and the multiplicity burden preclude causal or therapeutic conclusions. Randomized controlled studies are needed to verify these exploratory observations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27136019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T13:43:14Z","timestamp":1783345394000},"page":"6019","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Circulating METRNL, Adipocytokines, and Insulin-Resistance Markers After Repeated Whole-Body Cryotherapy in Women of Different Ages"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5390-3049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Wiecek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Culture, 31-571 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Kantorowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Institute, Academy of Applied Sciences, 34-400 Nowy Targ, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4594-7954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jadwiga","family":"Szymura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Culture, 31-571 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6464-5620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justyna","family":"Kusmierczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Culture, 31-571 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3707-6380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Lipowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Physical Culture, 31-571 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6685-6579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zbigniew","family":"Szygula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine and Human Nutrition, University of Physical Culture, 31-571 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.211","article-title":"Adipose tissue in 2016: Advances in the understanding of adipose tissue biology","volume":"13","author":"Kajimura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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