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Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) shows preventive effects in acute colitis, but its impact on intestinal barrier integrity remains unclear. To assess this, C57BL\/6 male mice received taVNS (10 V, 20 Hz, 500 \u00b5s, 10 min) prior to colitis induction. UC-like colitis was induced using 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 120 h with daily taVNS, while CD-like colitis was induced by intrarectal dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS, 4 mg) in 30% ethanol with taVNS during induction and for 48 h. TaVNS reduced colonic proliferation in non-colitic mice in a homeostatic manner, as well as in DNBS-colitic mice, and enhanced differentiation. It decreased enteroendocrine cells in non-colitic conditions but not in DSS-colitic mice, and reduced tuft cells in DSS and DNBS groups. TaVNS increased MUC2 in DSS colitis and decreased TFF3 in DNBS controls. It decreased Lgr5+ stem cells in DSS controls but maintained them during DSS colitis, while HOPX+ stem cells decreased in non-colitic DSS conditions, and fetal-like stem cells remained unchanged. Disease activity index negatively correlated with chromogranin A. TaVNS prevented increased paracellular permeability in the distal colon of DSS-colitic mice, increased TEER in distal DSS controls and proximal colitic colon, and enhanced ion transport in the proximal colon under non-colitic DSS conditions. Overall, taVNS effects on epithelial composition and barrier function are context- and model-dependent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27146109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T17:27:31Z","timestamp":1783531651000},"page":"6109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Context-Dependent Modulation of Epithelial Barrier Integrity and Intestinal Permeability by Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Two Preclinical Models Mimicking Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn\u2019s Disease: A Descriptive Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8581-1199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Hesampour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada"},{"name":"Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles N.","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada"},{"name":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical & Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Eric","family":"Ghia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada"},{"name":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical & Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.150","article-title":"The Global Burden of IBD: From 2015 to 2025","volume":"12","author":"Kaplan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. 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