{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T11:16:05Z","timestamp":1783595765884,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon Europe research and innovation program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101159018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101159018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive pleural tumor associated with asbestos exposure. Poor clinical outcome of MPM is often driven by late-stage diagnosis due to non-specific clinical presentation, similarity to pleural lesions (e.g., inflammatory changes, metastatic adenocarcinoma), and limitations of current diagnostic methods. We employed Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to analyze formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) pleural tissue samples from patients with MPM, metastatic adenocarcinoma, pleural inflammation, and normal (healthy) pleura. Glycan analysis of FFPE normal pleura and MPM was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). Our FTIR-spectral analysis uncovered a strong spectral fingerprint of MPM that was especially apparent in the region typical for C-O and C-C stretches as well as local symmetry region typical for deformation vibrations of CH2 and C-OH groups, all appearing in carbohydrates. Our orthogonal validation of these findings through a targeted glycomics approach using UPLC confirmed that the MPM N-glycome exhibits a distinct fingerprint that distinguishes it from normal pleural tissue. Through utilization of MS for identifying the exact structures of differentially expressed N-glycan peaks, we also identified two high-mannose N-glycan structures that show a specific biomarker potential for MPM and need to be examined in future studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27146134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T10:16:22Z","timestamp":1783592182000},"page":"6134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Glycan Fingerprint of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Lovro","family":"Kavur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Merkur University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1353-1049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas S.","family":"Klari\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8973-5525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikol","family":"Mraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"\u0160imuni\u0107-Bri\u0161ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dora","family":"Lali\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1840-9560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gordan","family":"Lauc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Martini\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lovorka","family":"Batelja Vuleti\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9567-3854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Martini\u0107 Kavur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5894-419X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sven","family":"Seiwerth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6046-9773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ozren","family":"Gamulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900953","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00953-2019","article-title":"ERS\/ESTS\/EACTS\/ESTRO Guidelines for the Management of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma","volume":"55","author":"Scherpereel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. 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