{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T02:25:53Z","timestamp":1788834353269,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004442","name":"Polish National Science Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\/43\/O\/NZ5\/02346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/43\/O\/NZ5\/02346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004442","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2021\/43\/O\/NZ5\/02346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/43\/O\/NZ5\/02346"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03ha2q922","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammation contributes to the rapid progression of high-grade gliomas, indicating that anti-inflammatory strategies targeting NF-\u03baB signaling may offer therapeutic benefit. Cannabidiol (CBD) and celecoxib (CELE) are hydrophobic pharmacological agents whose formulation in lipid carriers may support their combined biological evaluation. In this proof-of-concept study, we investigated liposomal formulations containing CBD, CELE, or both compounds in U-87 MG high-grade glioma cells and in a subcutaneous xenograft model. We assessed cytotoxicity, apoptosis, oxidative stress, Nrf2-dependent responses, NF-\u03baB-centered inflammatory networks, tumor cell invasive properties, and Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway activity. The nanoformulations induced reactive oxygen species generation by 1.8-fold, which was accompanied by Nrf2 activation. Cationic formulations loaded with the compounds produced more pronounced pro-apoptotic effects (up to 39%) than POPC liposomes, although both types reduced the nuclear translocation of the NF-\u03baB p65 subunit. The CBD + CELE-containing formulation showed a trend toward reduced tumor progression in mice. It is important to note that the in vitro and in vivo nanoformulations were physicochemically related, but not identical, and the in vivo experiment should be interpreted as a preliminary assessment after intratumoral administration. Overall, cationic liposomes co-loaded with CBD + CELE represent a promising platform for further optimization aimed at coordinated modulation of inflammatory, oxidative, and proliferative pathways in glioma. However, additional studies, including tissue distribution, release kinetics, and efficacy in orthotopic glioma models, are needed to fully verify their translational potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27146220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T08:53:58Z","timestamp":1783932838000},"page":"6220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cannabidiol- and Celecoxib-Loaded Liposomes as a Strategy to Modulate Redox and Inflammatory Signaling in High-Grade Glioma: A Preliminary In Vivo Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4179-5252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Rybarczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"},{"name":"Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Doctoral School, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2872-8875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Majchrzak-Celi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludwika","family":"Piwowarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6130-7522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Szymon","family":"Tomczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9034-6336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Wronka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Laboratory of Mammalian Model Organisms, Noskowskiego 12\/14, 61-704 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1610-1045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Karlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Laboratory of Mammalian Model Organisms, Noskowskiego 12\/14, 61-704 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9777-8879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Przyby\u0142","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Laboratory of Mammalian Model Organisms, Noskowskiego 12\/14, 61-704 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7275-0298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Violetta","family":"Krajka-Ku\u017aniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iv1","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noaf194","article-title":"CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2018\u20132022","volume":"27","author":"Price","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-023-01011-y","article-title":"The Global Prevalence of Primary Central Nervous System Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"28","author":"Salari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. 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