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This study evaluated the effects of the NOX-1 inhibitor ML-171 in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced cellular and animal models of neuronal injury. SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to PTZ (30 mM, 24 h) after pretreatment with ML-171 or valproic acid (VPA), and cell viability, redox status, apoptosis-related proteins, and Annexin V-based cell death were assessed. Adult male Wistar Albino rats were subjected to PTZ kindling and acutely treated with VPA or ML-171 (0.1, 1, or 10 mg\/kg); behavioral seizures, electrocorticographic activity, hippocampal oxidative stress, apoptotic markers, histopathology, and NOX-1 immunoreactivity were evaluated. ML-171 attenuated PTZ-induced cellular injury in SH-SY5Y cells within a restricted concentration window and reduced oxidant burden, oxidative stress index, and apoptotic signaling. In PTZ-kindled rats, ML-171 improved hippocampal oxidative and apoptotic markers but did not robustly suppress behavioral or electrophysiological seizure parameters. Histopathological injury and NOX-1 immunoreactivity showed region- and dose-dependent responses. These findings suggest that ML-171 primarily attenuates PTZ-associated oxidative and apoptotic injury rather than exerting a conventional antiseizure effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27146269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T03:06:52Z","timestamp":1784084812000},"page":"6269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["ML-171 Attenuates Pentylenetetrazole-Associated Oxidative and Apoptotic Injury Without Robust Suppression of Seizure Expression: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Ahmet Ozan","family":"Kaleci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2056-8683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmet","family":"Altun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmet \u015eevki","family":"Ta\u015fk\u0131ran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6359-6249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"\u00d6zkaraca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130hsan","family":"Ba\u011f\u00e7ivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madireddy, S., and Madireddy, S. 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