{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:36:22Z","timestamp":1785429382983,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Silesia","award":["BNW-1-059\/N\/5\/O"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BNW-1-059\/N\/5\/O"]}]},{"award":["BNW-1-059\/N\/5\/O"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BNW-1-059\/N\/5\/O"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/005k7hp45","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aberrant glycosylation contributes to tumour progression and metastatic dissemination. Beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3 (B3GNT3) is involved in poly-N-acetyllactosamine synthesis, but its role in colon adenocarcinoma remains insufficiently characterised. This retrospective single-centre study evaluated B3GNT3 expression and its association with clinicopathological parameters using TCGA and CPTAC data, immunohistochemistry in 97 colon adenocarcinomas, Western blot analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. TCGA analysis showed no significant differences in B3GNT3 mRNA expression between normal and tumour tissues. In contrast, CPTAC, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analyses demonstrated increased B3GNT3 protein expression in tumour tissue compared with non-neoplastic mucosa. Immunohistochemical expression was assessed semi-quantitatively using the immunoreactive score (IRS). Lower B3GNT3 expression was associated with advanced stage and node-positive status. Because pathological stage and lymph node status are interrelated clinicopathological variables in colon adenocarcinoma, these findings were interpreted as partially overlapping associations rather than independent biological endpoints. Exploratory ROC and logistic regression analyses supported these cohort-level associations; however, the ROC-derived IRS cut-off was not externally validated, and regression models were interpreted cautiously. TEM\/immunogold analysis supported Golgi\/secretory-pathway localisation but was descriptive. Overall, B3GNT3 expression was associated with clinicopathological features in this retrospective cohort.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27146273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T03:06:52Z","timestamp":1784084812000},"page":"6273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of B3GNT3 Expression with Tumour Stage and Lymph Node Metastasis in Colon Adenocarcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Adam","family":"Piecuch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Cell Pathology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerzy Z.","family":"Piecuch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Bariatric Surgery and Emergency Medicine in Zabrze, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8235-5627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Bajdak-Rusinek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2045-7211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Michalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Cell Pathology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Matysiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Cell Pathology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9363-3872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlena","family":"Brzozowa-Zasada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Cell Pathology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"209","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLO-BOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"12","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2024","volume":"74","author":"Siegel","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"93","article-title":"The Eighth Edition AJCC Cancer Staging Manual: Continuing to build a bridge from a population-based to a more \u201cpersonalized\u201d approach to cancer staging","volume":"67","author":"Amin","year":"2017","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.60.0213","article-title":"Personalizing colon cancer adjuvant therapy: Selecting optimal treatments for individual patients","volume":"33","author":"Dienstmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3967","article-title":"The consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer","volume":"21","author":"Guinney","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985813505879","article-title":"When tissue antigens and antibodies get along: Revisiting the technical aspects of immuno-histochemistry\u2014The red, brown, and blue technique","volume":"51","author":"Miller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/cac2.12023","article-title":"Overview of multiplex immunohistochemistry\/immunofluorescence techniques in the era of cancer immunotherapy","volume":"40","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Commun."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-014-0221-9","article-title":"Different approaches for interpretation and reporting of immunohistochemistry analysis results in the bone tissue\u2014A review","volume":"9","author":"Fedchenko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diagn. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3982","article-title":"Glycosylation in cancer: Mechanisms and clinical implications","volume":"15","author":"Pinho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35478","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.8155","article-title":"Hallmarks of glycosylation in cancer","volume":"7","author":"Munkley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cww086","article-title":"Biological roles of glycans","volume":"27","author":"Varki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15829","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0707426104","article-title":"Polylactosamine on glycoproteins influences basal levels of lymphocyte and macrophage activation","volume":"104","author":"Togayachi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2310","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202255","article-title":"B3GNT3 overexpression promotes tumor progression and inhibits infiltration of CD8+ T cells in pancreatic cancer","volume":"13","author":"Zhuang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2017-204860","article-title":"B3GNT3 overexpression is associated with unfavourable survival in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"71","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-22-493","article-title":"B3GNT3 as a prognostic biomarker and correlation with immune cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.03.014","article-title":"On the dependency of cellular protein levels on mRNA abundance","volume":"165","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3185","article-title":"Insights into the regulation of protein abundance from proteomic and transcriptomic analyses","volume":"13","author":"Vogel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12294","article-title":"B3GNT3 expression suppresses cell migration and invasion and predicts favorable outcomes in neuroblastoma","volume":"104","author":"Ho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, W., Hou, T., Niu, C., Song, L., and Zhang, Y. (2015). B3GNT3 expression is a novel marker correlated with pelvic lymph node metastasis and poor clinical outcome in early-stage cervical cancer. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144360"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S236565","article-title":"B3GNT3, a direct target of miR-149-5p, promotes lung cancer development and indicates poor prognosis of lung cancer","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Manag. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-015-0491-2","article-title":"Lectin microarray technology identifies specific lectins related to lymph node metastasis of advanced gastric cancer","volume":"19","author":"Yamashita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastric Cancer"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira, M.S., Alves, I., Vicente, M., Campar, A., Silva, M.C., Padr\u00e3o, N.A., Pinto, V., Fernandes, \u00c2., Dias, A.M., and Pinho, S.S. (2018). Glycans as key checkpoints of T cell activity and function. Front. Immunol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02754"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodrigues, E., and Macauley, M.S. (2018). Hypersialylation in cancer: Modulation of inflammation and therapeutic opportunities. Cancers, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers10060207"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/14\/6273\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T04:32:28Z","timestamp":1784176348000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/14\/6273"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27146273"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27146273","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]}}}