{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T07:07:29Z","timestamp":1784185649700,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dietary fiber is an under-consumed nutritional substrate that supports gut microbial metabolism, intestinal barrier integrity, enteroendocrine signaling, and cardiometabolic regulation. Among dietary fibers, psyllium and glucomannan are clinically accessible viscous, gel-forming soluble fibers with distinct but complementary physicochemical profiles. This narrative review examines how these fibers act through luminal viscosity, nutrient diffusion, bile acid and cholesterol handling, short-chain fatty acid production, epithelial barrier support, enteroendocrine L-cell signaling, and low-grade metabolic inflammation. Psyllium has the strongest clinical support for stool normalization, glycemic modulation, and LDL cholesterol reduction, whereas glucomannan provides marked viscosity and water-holding capacity that may support satiety, lipid modulation, and weight-management strategies when appropriately hydrated and tolerated. We also discuss the emerging nutritional context of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist therapy, in which appetite suppression, reduced meal volume, delayed gastrointestinal transit, and constipation may reduce dietary fiber intake and fermentable substrate delivery to the colon. The pain- and mood-related implications are framed as hypothesis-generating extensions, because direct clinical evidence that psyllium or glucomannan improves these outcomes remains limited. A psyllium-centered, selectively glucomannan-supported strategy may help close the fiber gap and support bowel function, microbial metabolite signaling, and cardiometabolic stability during modern metabolic and weight-loss therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27146287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T06:49:36Z","timestamp":1784184576000},"page":"6287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psyllium and Glucomannan as Viscous Fiber Modulators of the Gut\u2013Microbiome\u2013Incretin Axis: Molecular Links to Metabolic Inflammation, Barrier Function, and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8746-3718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonghyun","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 1 Singil-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Incheon Terminal Orthopedic Surgery Clinic, Inha-ro 489beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21574, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"International Academy of Regenerative Medicine, Inha-ro 489beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21574, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"The Board of Clinical Research, International Academy of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9141-9856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jihyo","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 1 Singil-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan-Mo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myunghoon","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naeuram Clinic, Seoul 05363, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong-Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ceramique Clinic, Seoul 06123, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1392-829X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"King Hei Stanley","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Board of Clinical Research, International Academy of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0148-1614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeimylo C. de","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SMARTMD Center for Non-Surgical Pain Interventions, Makati 1205, Philippines"},{"name":"Research Department, Adventist University of the Philippines, Silang 4118, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6722-0268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teinny","family":"Suryadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Board of Clinical Research, International Academy of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medistra Hospital, South Jakarta 12950, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Synergy Clinic, West Jakarta 11510, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5795-0988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anwar","family":"Suhaimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Board of Clinical Research, International Academy of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonghyeok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Academy of Regenerative Medicine, Inha-ro 489beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21574, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Bareun Neurosurgery Clinic, 39, Daenong-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28402, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"564","article-title":"Dietary fiber deficiency in individuals with metabolic syndrome: A review","volume":"26","author":"Veluvali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. 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