{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:29:59Z","timestamp":1790821799695,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Especialidad de Inmunolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica, FCQ, UNC"},{"name":"National Agency for the Promotion of Research, Technological Development and Innovation Fellowship","award":["PICT2018-02589"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT2018-02589"]}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n para el Progreso y la Medicina"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) prevalence is rising rapidly in South America, yet non-invasive diagnostic and monitoring strategies remain inadequate. Urine samples from 30 individuals (10 healthy controls [C], 10 ulcerative colitis [UC] and 10 Crohn\u2019s disease [CD] patients) from a South American cohort were analyzed by gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC-MS); metabolomic profiling employed multivariate statistics, pathway enrichment analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Profiling of 62 organic acids revealed distinct metabolic patterns across groups: UC patients showed significantly elevated lactic, adipic, glutaric, phosphoric, aconitic, palmitic, 2-hydroxyisobutyric, pyroglutamic, phthalic, azelaic, and glycolic acids relative to controls, with reduced 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid and trends toward reduction of 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic and 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acids; CD patients showed elevated 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid. Lactic, glutaric, and palmitic acids were associated with active UC, while glycolic, phosphoric, and adipic acids characterized remission. Pathway analyses indicated alterations in energy and amino acid metabolism. Exploratory multivariate ROC analyses yielded area under the Curve (AUC) values of 0.754 (IBD vs. controls), 0.904 (UC vs. controls), 0.798 (CD vs. controls), and 0.764 (UC vs. CD). These findings identify candidate urinary organic acid biomarkers associated with IBD status and UC disease activity, warranting validation in larger, independent, longitudinal cohorts before non-invasive tools for disease stratification and personalized management of UC and CD can be developed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27146318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T08:08:34Z","timestamp":1784189314000},"page":"6318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Urinary Organic Acid Profiling by GC-MS Reveals Distinct Metabolic Signatures for Non-Invasive Diagnosis and Disease Activity Monitoring of Inflammatory Bowel Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Emilia","family":"Cuencas Barrientos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Medicina Traslacional \u201cSevero R. Amuch\u00e1stegui\u201d (CIMETSA), Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas de C\u00f3rdoba (IUCBC), U.A. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), C\u00f3rdoba X5016KEJ, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonela","family":"Tantucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Inmunolog\u00eda, Fundaci\u00f3n Para el Progreso de la Medicina, C\u00f3rdoba X5000EMS, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dafne","family":"Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Gastroenterolog\u00eda, Hospital Privado Universitario de C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba X5016KEH, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina L.","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Central, Hospital Privado Universitario de C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba X5016KEH, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Fochesato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabol\u00f3mica Lab, C\u00f3rdoba X5000IUN, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabol\u00f3mica Lab, C\u00f3rdoba X5000IUN, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia G.","family":"Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica e Inmunolog\u00eda (CIBICI), Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HVA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9598-2577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domingo C.","family":"Balderramo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Gastroenterolog\u00eda, Hospital Privado Universitario de C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba X5016KEH, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6328-9070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo A.","family":"Romagnoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Medicina Traslacional \u201cSevero R. Amuch\u00e1stegui\u201d (CIMETSA), Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas de C\u00f3rdoba (IUCBC), U.A. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), C\u00f3rdoba X5016KEJ, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e065186","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-065186","article-title":"Global, regional and national burden of inflammatory bowel disease in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: A systematic analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00284-4","article-title":"Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in Latin America","volume":"9","author":"Balderramo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. 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