{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:47:32Z","timestamp":1787068052331,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2024-00415982, RS-2025-23525049, RS-2025-25460008, RS-2025-02633264 and RS-2024-00450843"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00415982, RS-2025-23525049, RS-2025-25460008, RS-2025-02633264 and RS-2024-00450843"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["RS-2024-00415982, RS-2025-23525049, RS-2025-25460008, RS-2025-02633264 and RS-2024-00450843"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00415982, RS-2025-23525049, RS-2025-25460008, RS-2025-02633264 and RS-2024-00450843"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013aysd81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003661","name":"Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P241200036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P241200036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["P241200036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P241200036"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/015w1qa96","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cultured meat aims to manufacture genuine animal tissue from cells in vitro, displacing the environmental and ethical liabilities of livestock slaughter. Because the final product must reproduce the fibre architecture, fat marbling, and nutrition of conventional meat, the cell\u2014its identity, proliferative ceiling, and differentiation fidelity\u2014is the central determinant of feasibility. This review consolidates the stem cell biology of cultured meat from a tissue engineering perspective. We first compare the principal cell sources: muscle satellite cells, which offer authentic myogenicity but limited expansion; pluripotent stem cells, which are effectively immortal but require directed differentiation; and mesenchymal, adipogenic, and fibro-adipogenic progenitors that supply fat and connective tissue. We then examine how myogenic and adipogenic commitment is controlled through growth-factor and small-molecule signalling, serum-free medium design, and co-culture strategies that recreate the multicellular composition of meat. We next survey biomaterial scaffolds\u2014edible microcarriers, hydrogels, and decellularized plant matrices\u2014that organize stem cells into anisotropic, perfusable, macroscale constructs, drawing on scaffold-design principles from regenerative medicine. Finally, we address bioreactor scale-up, medium cost, cell-line stability, and regulatory translation. We argue that cultured meat will advance fastest when cell source, differentiation protocol, and scaffold architecture are co-designed rather than optimized in isolation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27146377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T09:32:54Z","timestamp":1784539974000},"page":"6377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Stem Cells for Cultured Meat: Cell Sources, Lineage Specification, and Biomaterial Scaffolds for Edible Tissue Engineering"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9268-9852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jihyeon","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seihyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5289-0233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dohee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1483-3890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inseon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9654-8577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seunghun S.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162796","article-title":"Environmental and nutritional life cycle assessment of novel foods in meals as transformative food for the future","volume":"876","author":"Mazac","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. 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