{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:57:42Z","timestamp":1785430662906,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81660332"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81660332"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["81660332"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81660332"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ZFP36 family proteins (TTP, ZFP36L1, and ZFP36L2) are RNA-binding proteins that function as key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. They bind AU-rich elements (AREs) in target mRNA 3\u2032UTRs, recruit the CCR4-NOT deadenylation complex to trigger mRNA decay, and maintain homeostasis in immunity, barrier function, and stem cell fate. Rather than acting on single targets, all family members share a conserved mRNA destabilization mechanism, with outcomes determined by member-specific expression, kinase-mediated regulation, and cell-type-dependent target availability. Dysregulation of this network stabilizes mRNAs encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines, immune checkpoints, and oncogenes, driving pathogenesis of inflammation, autoimmunity, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Individual family members exert context-dependent and sometimes opposing effects, so their net function depends on the specific cellular and disease context. Therapeutic strategies targeting ZFP36 activity, including phosphatase agonism and epigenetic modulation, have shown promising preclinical results, but clinical translation remains early. This review summarizes the molecular regulatory networks of the ZFP36 family and their physiological and pathological roles, emphasizing the mechanistic principles that unify family-member function and the contextual factors that diversify it, to provide a foundation for future therapeutic development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27146378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T09:32:54Z","timestamp":1784539974000},"page":"6378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The ZFP36 Family as Post-Transcriptional Regulators in Physiology and Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1679-0581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuxuan","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lichao","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2013.02.003","article-title":"Tristetraprolin (TTP): Interactions with mRNA and proteins, and current thoughts on mechanisms of action","volume":"1829","author":"Brooks","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2022.108198","article-title":"Clinical implications of tristetraprolin (TTP) modulation in the treatment of inflammatory diseases","volume":"239","author":"Snyder","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2016.07.002","article-title":"Tristetraprolin as a Therapeutic Target in Inflammatory Disease","volume":"37","author":"Patial","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad5978","article-title":"RNA-binding proteins ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 promote cell quiescence","volume":"352","author":"Galloway","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1282305","article-title":"Recruitment and activation of mRNA decay enzymes by two ARE-mediated decay activation domains in the proteins TTP and BRF-1","volume":"19","author":"Wagner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb738","article-title":"Recognition of the mRNA AU-rich element by the zinc finger domain of TIS11d","volume":"11","author":"Hudson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.054833.115","article-title":"Recruitment of the 4EHP-GYF2 cap-binding complex to tetraproline motifs of tristetraprolin promotes repression and degradation of mRNAs with AU-rich elements","volume":"22","author":"Fu","year":"2016","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Makita, S., Takatori, H., and Nakajima, H. (2021). Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Immune Responses and Inflammatory Diseases by RNA-Binding ZFP36 Family Proteins. Front. Immunol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.711633"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.2572","article-title":"Structural basis for the recruitment of the human CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex by tristetraprolin","volume":"20","author":"Fabian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11606","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111457200","article-title":"Members of the tristetraprolin family of tandem CCCH zinc finger proteins exhibit CRM1-dependent nucleocytoplasmic shuttling","volume":"277","author":"Phillips","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1901","article-title":"Deletion of the RNA-binding proteins ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 leads to perturbed thymic development and T lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"11","author":"Hodson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-04-214619","article-title":"Targeted disruption of Zfp36l2, encoding a CCCH tandem zinc finger RNA-binding protein, results in defective hematopoiesis","volume":"114","author":"Stumpo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3340","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e10-01-0040","article-title":"ZFP36L1 negatively regulates erythroid differentiation of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells by interfering with the Stat5b pathway","volume":"21","author":"Vignudelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R12","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2014-15-1-r12","article-title":"Global target mRNA specification and regulation by the RNA-binding protein ZFP36","volume":"15","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2008.11.001","article-title":"The control of mRNA decapping and P-body formation","volume":"32","author":"Franks","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20160166","article-title":"The control of inflammation via the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of tristetraprolin: A tale of two phosphatases","volume":"44","author":"Clark","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tiedje, C., Ronkina, N., Tehrani, M., Dhamija, S., Laass, K., Holtmann, H., Kotlyarov, A., and Gaestel, M. (2012). The p38\/MK2-driven exchange between tristetraprolin and HuR regulates AU-rich element-dependent translation. PLoS Genet., 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002977"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10037","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku652","article-title":"ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 control LDLR mRNA stability via the ERK-RSK pathway","volume":"42","author":"Adachi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.11.044","article-title":"MicroRNA-9 regulates steroid-resistant airway hyperresponsiveness by reducing protein phosphatase 2A activity","volume":"136","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600163","article-title":"MK2-induced tristetraprolin:14-3-3 complexes prevent stress granule association and ARE-mRNA decay","volume":"23","author":"Stoecklin","year":"2004","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209424","article-title":"Treatment of inflammatory arthritis via targeting of tristetraprolin, a master regulator of pro-inflammatory gene expression","volume":"76","author":"Ross","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.983708","article-title":"The AU-rich element mRNA decay-promoting activity of BRF1 is regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2","volume":"14","author":"Maitra","year":"2008","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2016.01.009","article-title":"Activating protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) enhances tristetraprolin (TTP) anti-inflammatory function in A549 lung epithelial cells","volume":"28","author":"Rahman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4350","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04100-1","article-title":"Macrophage responses to lipopolysaccharide are modulated by a feedback loop involving prostaglandin E(2), dual specificity phosphatase 1 and tristetraprolin","volume":"7","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9126","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00679-06","article-title":"Glucocorticoids regulate tristetraprolin synthesis and posttranscriptionally regulate tumor necrosis factor alpha inflammatory signaling","volume":"26","author":"Smoak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1519906113","article-title":"Enhanced stability of tristetraprolin mRNA protects mice against immune-mediated inflammatory pathologies","volume":"113","author":"Patial","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2408","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.26.6.2408-2418.2006","article-title":"Posttranslational regulation of tristetraprolin subcellular localization and protein stability by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways","volume":"26","author":"Brook","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202302222","DOI":"10.26508\/lsa.202302222","article-title":"Synergistic roles of tristetraprolin family members in myeloid cells in the control of inflammation","volume":"7","author":"Snyder","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life Sci. Alliance"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80411-2","article-title":"A pathogenetic role for TNF alpha in the syndrome of cachexia, arthritis, and autoimmunity resulting from tristetraprolin (TTP) deficiency","volume":"4","author":"Taylor","year":"1996","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabo0981","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abo0981","article-title":"The ZFP36 family of RNA binding proteins regulates homeostatic and autoreactive T cell responses","volume":"7","author":"Cook","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.3109\/08977190903578660","article-title":"ZFP36L1 is regulated by growth factors and cytokines in keratinocytes and influences their VEGF production","volume":"28","author":"Hacker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3724","article-title":"Maintenance of the marginal-zone B cell compartment specifically requires the RNA-binding protein ZFP36L1","volume":"18","author":"Newman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadu3718","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adu3718","article-title":"RNA binding proteins control the G(2)-M checkpoint of the germinal center B cell","volume":"10","author":"Salerno","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb-2017-0310","article-title":"Post-transcriptional regulation in hematopoiesis: RNA binding proteins take control (1)","volume":"97","author":"Chan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0155-6","article-title":"Translational repression of pre-formed cytokine-encoding mRNA prevents chronic activation of memory T cells","volume":"19","author":"Salerno","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Makita, S., Takatori, H., Iwata, A., Tanaka, S., Furuta, S., Ikeda, K., Suto, A., Suzuki, K., Ramos, S.B.V., and Nakajima, H. (2020). RNA-Binding Protein ZFP36L2 Downregulates Helios Expression and Suppresses the Function of Regulatory T Cells. Front. Immunol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01291"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5379.1001","article-title":"Feedback inhibition of macrophage tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by tristetraprolin","volume":"281","author":"Carballo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2010.0154","article-title":"Tristetraprolin regulates interleukin-6 expression through p38 MAPK-dependent affinity changes with mRNA 3\u2032 untranslated region","volume":"31","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Interferon Cytokine Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6869","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.772947","article-title":"The RNA-binding protein Tristetraprolin (TTP) is a critical negative regulator of the NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"292","author":"Haneklaus","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.15252\/msb.20156628","article-title":"Tristetraprolin binding site atlas in the macrophage transcriptome reveals a switch for inflammation resolution","volume":"12","author":"Sedlyarov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Syst. Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, W., Li, F., Zhang, Y., Gao, Y., and Yang, R. (2025). Regulation of ZFP36 by lncOlfr29 promotes inflammation through NLRP3. Front. Immunol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1642783"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.1080\/15476286.2021.1917185","article-title":"TTP-mediated regulation of mRNA stability in immune cells contributes to adaptive immunity, immune tolerance and clinical applications","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"RNA Biol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.748408","article-title":"Identification of TTP mRNA targets in human dendritic cells reveals TTP as a critical regulator of dendritic cell maturation","volume":"14","author":"Emmons","year":"2008","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20120707","article-title":"Tristetraprolin regulation of interleukin 23 mRNA stability prevents a spontaneous inflammatory disease","volume":"210","author":"Molle","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-020-0302-x","article-title":"The RNA-binding protein tristetraprolin regulates RALDH2 expression by intestinal dendritic cells and controls local Treg homeostasis","volume":"14","author":"La","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33057","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.33057","article-title":"ZFP36 RNA-binding proteins restrain T cell activation and anti-viral immunity","volume":"7","author":"Moore","year":"2018","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-009-8097-6","article-title":"Two pathways of costimulation through CD28","volume":"45","author":"Miller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.2.953","article-title":"Tristetraprolin down-regulates IL-2 gene expression through AU-rich element-mediated mRNA decay","volume":"174","author":"Ogilvie","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, H., Ning, H., Wang, Q., Lai, J., Wei, L., Stumpo, D.J., Blackshear, P.J., Fu, M., Hou, R., and Hoft, D.F. (2020). Tristetraprolin Regulates T(H)17 Cell Function and Ameliorates DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice. Front. Immunol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01952"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29979-x","article-title":"The timing of differentiation and potency of CD8 effector function is set by RNA binding proteins","volume":"13","author":"Petkau","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202451641","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202451641","article-title":"Combined Deletion of ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 Drives Superior Cytokine Production in T Cells at the Cost of Cell Fitness","volume":"55","author":"Zandhuis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4192","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58993-y","article-title":"ZFP36-family RNA-binding proteins in regulatory T cells reinforce immune homeostasis","volume":"16","author":"Bell","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nasir, A., Norton, J.D., Baou, M., Zekavati, A., Bijlmakers, M.J., Thompson, S., and Murphy, J.J. (2012). ZFP36L1 negatively regulates plasmacytoid differentiation of BCL1 cells by targeting BLIMP1 mRNA. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052187"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14413","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50957-9","article-title":"Tristetraprolin targets Nos2 expression in the colonic epithelium","volume":"9","author":"Eshelman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rynne, J., Ortiz-Zapater, E., Bagley, D.C., Zanin, O., Doherty, G., Kanabar, V., Ward, J., Jackson, D.J., Parsons, M., and Rosenblatt, J. (2023). The RNA binding proteins ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 are dysregulated in airway epithelium in human and a murine model of asthma. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1241008"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choudhary, I., Vo, T., Bathula, C.S., Lamichhane, R., Lewis, B.W., Looper, J., Jeyaseelan, S., Blackshear, P.J., Saini, Y., and Patial, S. (2020). Tristetraprolin Overexpression in Non-hematopoietic Cells Protects Against Acute Lung Injury in Mice. Front. Immunol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02164"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, X.K., Che, P., Cheng, M.L., Zhang, Q., Mu, M., Li, H., Luo, Y., Liang, Y.D., Luo, X.H., and Gao, C.Q. (2016). Tristetraprolin Down-Regulation Contributes to Persistent TNF-Alpha Expression Induced by Cigarette Smoke Extract through a Post-Transcriptional Mechanism. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167451"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01084","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1084","article-title":"Enhancing tristetraprolin activity reduces the severity of cigarette smoke-induced experimental chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"8","author":"Nair","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e92979","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.92979","article-title":"Tristetraprolin expression by keratinocytes controls local and systemic inflammation","volume":"2","author":"Andrianne","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2020.11.017","article-title":"The miR-93-3p\/ZFP36L1\/ZFX axis regulates keratinocyte proliferation and migration during skin wound healing","volume":"23","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e140669","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.140669","article-title":"Tristetraprolin expression by keratinocytes protects against skin carcinogenesis","volume":"6","author":"Assabban","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2975","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020007975","article-title":"ER-associated degradation preserves hematopoietic stem cell quiescence and self-renewal by restricting mTOR activity","volume":"136","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4760","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600477","article-title":"The ARE-dependent mRNA-destabilizing activity of BRF1 is regulated by protein kinase B","volume":"23","author":"Schmidlin","year":"2004","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pisapia, L., Hamilton, R.S., Farina, F., D\u2019Agostino, V., Barba, P., Strazzullo, M., Provenzani, A., Gianfrani, C., and Del Pozzo, G. (2019). Tristetraprolin\/ZFP36 Regulates the Turnover of Autoimmune-Associated HLA-DQ mRNAs. Cells, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8121570"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.06.033","article-title":"Tristetraprolin impairs myc-induced lymphoma and abolishes the malignant state","volume":"150","author":"Rounbehler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zekavati, A., Nasir, A., Alcaraz, A., Aldrovandi, M., Marsh, P., Norton, J.D., and Murphy, J.J. (2014). Post-transcriptional regulation of BCL2 mRNA by the RNA-binding protein ZFP36L1 in malignant B cells. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102625"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.01.010","article-title":"The mRNA binding proteins HuR and tristetraprolin regulate cyclooxygenase 2 expression during colon carcinogenesis","volume":"136","author":"Young","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8342","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.12.8342","article-title":"Role of the RNA-binding protein tristetraprolin in glucocorticoid-mediated gene regulation","volume":"180","author":"Ishmael","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ray, D., Shukla, S., Allam, U.S., Helman, A., Ramanand, S.G., Tran, L., Bassetti, M., Krishnamurthy, P.M., Rumschlag, M., and Paulsen, M. (2013). Tristetraprolin mediates radiation-induced TNF-\u03b1 production in lung macrophages. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057290"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-03950-y","article-title":"ZFP36 protects lungs from intestinal I\/R-induced injury and fibrosis through the CREBBP\/p53\/p21\/Bax pathway","volume":"12","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.06.030","article-title":"ZFP36 Family Members Regulate the Proinflammatory Features of Psoriatic Dermal Fibroblasts","volume":"142","author":"Angiolilli","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e154491","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI154491","article-title":"ZFP36L2 suppresses mTORc1 through a P53-dependent pathway to prevent peripartum cardiomyopathy in mice","volume":"132","author":"Kouzu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14386","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-98738-x","article-title":"ZFP36 regulates the osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in osteoporosis by mediating KLF3 mRNA degradation","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kwack, K.H., Zhang, L., Kramer, E.D., Thiyagarajan, R., Lamb, N.A., Arao, Y., Bard, J.E., Seldeen, K.L., Troen, B.R., and Blackshear, P.J. (2022). Tristetraprolin limits age-related expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1002163"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stedile, M., Lara Montero, A., Garc\u00eda Sol\u00e1, M.E., Goddio, M.V., Beckerman, I., Bogni, E., Ayre, M., Naguila, Z., Coso, O.A., and Kordon, E.C. (2023). Tristetraprolin promotes survival of mammary progenitor cells by restraining TNF\u03b1 levels. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1265475"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2023.02.009","article-title":"A miR-124-mediated post-transcriptional mechanism controlling the cell fate switch of astrocytes to induced neurons","volume":"18","author":"Papadimitriou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00488-17","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00488-17","article-title":"A Knock-In Tristetraprolin (TTP) Zinc Finger Point Mutation in Mice: Comparison with Complete TTP Deficiency","volume":"38","author":"Lai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"1377","article-title":"Resveratrol epigenetically regulates the expression of zinc finger protein 36 in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines","volume":"41","author":"Fudhaili","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"7418","article-title":"The RNA-binding protein TTP is a global post-transcriptional regulator of feedback control in inflammation","volume":"44","author":"Tiedje","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41679","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.6149","article-title":"Tristetraprolin induces cell cycle arrest in breast tumor cells through targeting AP-1\/c-Jun and NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"6","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-2927","article-title":"Inactivation or loss of TTP promotes invasion in head and neck cancer via transcript stabilization and secretion of MMP9, MMP2, and IL-6","volume":"19","author":"Banerjee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4205","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2010.168","article-title":"The RNA-binding zinc-finger protein tristetraprolin regulates AU-rich mRNAs involved in breast cancer-related processes","volume":"29","author":"Hesketh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kr\u00f6hler, T., Kessler, S.M., Hosseini, K., List, M., Barghash, A., Patial, S., Laggai, S., Gemperlein, K., Haybaeck, J., and M\u00fcller, R. (2019). The mRNA-binding Protein TTP\/ZFP36 in Hepatocarcinogenesis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11111754"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2009.11.174","article-title":"Tristetraprolin regulates the stability of HIF-1alpha mRNA during prolonged hypoxia","volume":"391","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4648","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e07-06-0570","article-title":"Tristetraprolin inhibits Ras-dependent tumor vascularization by inducing vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA degradation","volume":"18","author":"Onesto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2015.03.003","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factors in cancer stem cells and inflammation","volume":"36","author":"Peng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2022.11478","article-title":"Tristetraprolin regulates phagocytosis through interaction with CD47 in head and neck cancer","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1038\/embor.2009.9","article-title":"miR-29a suppresses tristetraprolin, which is a regulator of epithelial polarity and metastasis","volume":"10","author":"Gebeshuber","year":"2009","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saini, Y., Chen, J., and Patial, S. (2020). The Tristetraprolin Family of RNA-Binding Proteins in Cancer: Progress and Future Prospects. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12061539"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.2741\/3920","article-title":"The role of tristetraprolin in cancer and inflammation","volume":"17","author":"Sanduja","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.3390\/biom5032035","article-title":"Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Activate Tristetraprolin Expression through Induction of Early Growth Response Protein 1 (EGR1) in Colorectal Cancer Cells","volume":"5","author":"Sobolewski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2016.09.002","article-title":"Treatment with MAPKAP2 (MK2) inhibitor and DNA methylation inhibitor, 5-aza dC, synergistically triggers apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via tristetraprolin (TTP)","volume":"28","author":"Tran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan, S., Zhai, Y., Tao, T., Zhang, X., Bashir, G., Li, G., Wang, G., and Wu, S. (2022). Conflicting Roles of ZFP36L1 in Regulating the Progression of Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer. Front. Mol. Biosci., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2022.687786"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13119","article-title":"ZFP36L2 promotes cancer cell aggressiveness and is regulated by antitumor microRNA-375 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"108","author":"Yonemori","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2025-335152","article-title":"Large-scale multiomic analysis identifies non-coding somatic driver mutations and nominates ZFP36L2 as a driver gene for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"75","author":"Zhong","year":"2026","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-022-02395-1","article-title":"SOCS7\/HuR\/FOXM1 signaling axis inhibited high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma progression","volume":"41","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-020-00939-w","article-title":"HuR Promotes Ovarian Cancer Cell Proliferation by Regulating TIMM44 mRNA Stability","volume":"78","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8931","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.7094","article-title":"Tristetraprolin suppresses the EMT through the down-regulation of Twist1 and Snail1 in cancer cells","volume":"7","author":"Yoon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10235","article-title":"Analysis of the function, expression, and subcellular distribution of human tristetraprolin","volume":"46","author":"Brooks","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2696","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101149","article-title":"Zinc finger protein tristetraprolin interacts with CCL3 mRNA and regulates tissue inflammation","volume":"187","author":"Kang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5918","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i39.5918","article-title":"Role of tristetraprolin phosphorylation in paediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"25","author":"Pugnetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bertesi, M., Fantini, S., Alecci, C., Lotti, R., Martello, A., Parenti, S., Carretta, C., Marconi, A., Grande, A., and Pincelli, C. (2020). Promoter Methylation Leads to Decreased ZFP36 Expression and Deregulated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Psoriatic Fibroblasts. Front. Med., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.579383"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2024.04.012","article-title":"ZFP36L1 controls KLF16 mRNA stability in vascular smooth muscle cells during restenosis after vascular injury","volume":"192","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-024-01473-8","article-title":"Deletion of smooth muscle ZFP36 promotes neointimal hyperplasia in mice","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9627","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201900293RRR","article-title":"CTRP13 attenuates vascular calcification by regulating Runx2","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2408811","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202408811","article-title":"ZFP36 Regulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Contraction and Maintains Blood Pressure","volume":"12","author":"Cui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2015.02.001","article-title":"Regulator of G Protein Signaling 2: A Versatile Regulator of Vascular Function","volume":"133","author":"Blumer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI15598","article-title":"Hypertension and prolonged vasoconstrictor signaling in RGS2-deficient mice","volume":"111","author":"Heximer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2021.12.003","article-title":"ZFP36 protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation\/reoxygenation-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and neuronal apoptosis through inhibiting NOX4-DRP1 pathway","volume":"179","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15047","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201902967R","article-title":"Tristetraprolin destabilizes NOX2 mRNA and protects dopaminergic neurons from oxidative damage in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"34","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-026-10139-6","article-title":"ZFP36-mediated ZBP1 degradation inhibits microglia pro-inflammatory and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"42","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-3-502","article-title":"Tristetraprolin is a novel regulator of BDNF","volume":"3","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"SpringerPlus"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asadi, M.R., Talebi, M., Gharesouran, J., Sabaie, H., Jalaiei, A., Arsang-Jang, S., Taheri, M., Sayad, A., and Rezazadeh, M. (2022). Analysis of ROQUIN, Tristetraprolin (TTP), and BDNF\/miR-16\/TTP regulatory axis in late onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Front. Aging Neurosci., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.933019"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e40670","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.40670","article-title":"RNA-binding proteins distinguish between similar sequence motifs to promote targeted deadenylation by Ccr4-Not","volume":"8","author":"Webster","year":"2019","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-013-1112-8","article-title":"Mutant tristetraprolin: A potent inhibitor of malignant glioma cell growth","volume":"113","author":"Suswam","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neuro-Oncol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2020.09.012","article-title":"Tristetraprolin Promotes Hepatic Inflammation and Tumor Initiation but Restrains Cancer Progression to Malignancy","volume":"11","author":"Dolicka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, F., Guo, J., Zhang, Q., Liu, D., Wen, L., Yang, Y., Yang, L., and Liu, Z. (2015). The Expression of Tristetraprolin and Its Relationship with Urinary Proteins in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141471"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.301496","article-title":"mRNA-binding protein ZFP36 is expressed in atherosclerotic lesions and reduces inflammation in aortic endothelial cells","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15653","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.566984","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction in tristetraprolin-deficient mice is not caused by enhanced tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 expression","volume":"289","author":"Bollmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01187","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1187","article-title":"Tristetraprolin attenuates brain edema in a rat model of cerebral hemorrhage","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10176","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M310486200","article-title":"MAPKAP kinase 2 phosphorylates tristetraprolin on in vivo sites including Ser178, a site required for 14-3-3 binding","volume":"279","author":"Chrestensen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-014-1790-3","article-title":"Kynurenic acid inhibits colon cancer proliferation In Vitro: Effects on signaling pathways","volume":"46","author":"Walczak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.697599","article-title":"Negative Feed-forward Control of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) by Tristetraprolin (ZFP36) Is Limited by the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase, Dual-specificity Phosphatase 1 (DUSP1)","volume":"291","author":"Shah","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.14348\/molcells.2015.0197","article-title":"Resveratrol Induces Glioma Cell Apoptosis through Activation of Tristetraprolin","volume":"38","author":"Ryu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cells"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25227","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M301813200","article-title":"The RNA-binding protein HuR regulates the expression of cyclooxygenase-2","volume":"278","author":"Sengupta","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14451","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-016-5397-z","article-title":"Dysregulation of TTP and HuR plays an important role in cancers","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tumour Biol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.2007.14","article-title":"Identification and mechanistic characterization of low-molecular-weight inhibitors for HuR","volume":"3","author":"Meisner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9694","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07787-4","article-title":"HuR-targeted small molecule inhibitor exhibits cytotoxicity towards human lung cancer cells","volume":"7","author":"Muralidharan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9196","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00945-06","article-title":"Novel mRNA targets for tristetraprolin (TTP) identified by global analysis of stabilized transcripts in TTP-deficient fibroblasts","volume":"26","author":"Lai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnanoscienceau.2c00062","article-title":"Recent Advances in Site-Specific Lipid Nanoparticles for mRNA Delivery","volume":"3","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nanosci. Au"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsu, R., and Benjamin, D.J. (2023). A narrative review of antibody-drug conjugates in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer. Front. Oncol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1252652"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.55940\/medphar2025118","article-title":"Stimuli-Responsive Nanocarriers: Revolutionizing Site-Specific Drug Release","volume":"4","author":"Sunayana","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med. Pharm. J."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-022-01220-0","article-title":"Knockdown of METTL16 disrupts learning and memory by reducing the stability of MAT2A mRNA","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/14\/6378\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T09:34:23Z","timestamp":1784540063000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/14\/6378"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"references-count":133,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27146378"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27146378","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]}}}