{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:04:00Z","timestamp":1785402240548,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ORF-2026-984"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORF-2026-984"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["ORF-2026-984"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORF-2026-984"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02f81g417","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>KIF21A, a member of the Kinesin-4 family of motor proteins, is involved in the regulation of microtubule dynamics and intracellular transport, with emerging evidence suggesting its potential role in cancer progression. In this study, we performed an integrative analysis of over 3825 human phosphoproteomics studies to characterize site-specific phosphorylation of KIF21A. Three predominant phosphosites were identified in KIF21A (S853, S1212, and S1239) with the highest detection frequency across phosphoproteomics studies, and were analyzed for co-regulation patterns to identify potential kinase associations and functional networks. Phosphosite S853 showed a strong association with cytoskeletal organization and cortical microtubule stabilization complexes (CMSCs) components, including KANK1 (S186), PHLDB2 (S513, S42) and CLASP1 (S600, S572, S646), indicating its role in cytoskeletal organization. Upstream kinase analysis identified potential regulators, such as PAK2, RPS6KA1\/A3, RPS6KB1, CHEK1\/2 and CDK18\/16 with site-specific variability in their associations with KIF21A predominant sites. Interestingly, phosphosite-specific correlation analysis between KIF21A and candidate kinases revealed that the KIF21A S1239 phosphosite exhibited tumor-specific correlations with CDK18 across multiple cancer types. Functional enrichment revealed that co-regulated phosphoproteins were involved in cytoskeleton regulation, cell cycle regulation, and carcinogenesis. Pan-cancer analysis demonstrated dysregulated expression of KIF21A in multiple tumor types, with stage-associated upregulation in selected cancers. Gene-level validation further supported these findings, showing consistent positive correlations between KIF21A and key regulators such as CTNND1 and PTK2, as well as other cytoskeleton and cancer-associated genes. Overall, this study highlights site-specific phosphorylation as a key regulatory mechanism of KIF21A and suggests its involvement in cytoskeleton-associated signaling networks in cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27146387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T09:32:54Z","timestamp":1784539974000},"page":"6387","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deciphering Site-Specific Regulatory Networks of the Kinesin Protein KIF21A Through Integrative Phosphoproteomic Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5103-5622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shanmitha B.","family":"Rai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science (CIODS), Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7849-9966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayadathil","family":"Sujina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science (CIODS), Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7392-6312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mukhtar","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sreeshma Ravindran","family":"Kammarambath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science (CIODS), Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suhail","family":"Subair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science (CIODS), Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1408-9280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athira Perunelly","family":"Gopalakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science (CIODS), Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apoorva Pai","family":"Kalasa Anil Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science (CIODS), Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2335-9238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Levin","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2319-121X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajesh","family":"Raju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science (CIODS), Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0322-2448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akhina","family":"Palollathil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science (CIODS), Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2774","article-title":"Kinesin superfamily motor proteins and intracellular transport","volume":"10","author":"Hirokawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. 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