{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:14:35Z","timestamp":1785413675332,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PT24\/00167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PT24\/00167"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["PT24\/00167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PT24\/00167"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ca2c886","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012818","name":"Madrid Spanish Region within the project NEUROBIOPIELTEC-CM","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TEC2024\/BIO-98"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TEC2024\/BIO-98"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2023-149403OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2023-149403OB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["PID2023-149403OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2023-149403OB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/003x0zc53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of death, requiring advanced therapies that need models for developing new drugs. Conventional cell culture models do not accurately and precisely reproduce the complexity of the tumor microenvironment, limiting their usefulness in research and therapy development. To address this weakness, patient-derived organoids have emerged as promising in vitro models. The implementation of these organoid-based models into more physiologically relevant systems is expected to improve their clinical relevance. Thus, integrating these organoids into microfluidic chips acting as bioreactors will likely improve the predictive response of therapies in personalized medicine. In this article, we report the development of a new colon cancer organoid-on-a-chip model that enables the in vitro culture of patient-derived colon cancer organoids under continuous culture media flow. We demonstrate how the developed organoids were derived from tumor biopsies of patients with colorectal cancer, expanded in standard three-dimensional (3D) culture, and cultured inside the microfluidic chips. The microfluidic chip chambers are designed to house organoids in a controlled environment, allowing the injection of therapies and monitoring by optical microscopy in real time. The in vitro therapies tested were a combination of drugs based on 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin at different concentrations. As a result, we demonstrate for the first time that this model proves the capability of this technology for in vitro testing colon cancer therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27146427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T09:32:54Z","timestamp":1784539974000},"page":"6427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Colon Cancer Organoid-on-a-Chip Model for In Vitro Therapy Assessment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2355-9291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis G.","family":"Valle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Group, Centre for Biomedical Technology, Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Group of Organ and Tissue on-a-chip and In-Vitro Detection, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos, IdISSC, C\/Profesor Mart\u00edn Lagos s\/n, 4<sup>a<\/sup> Planta Sur, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Biobank of Health Research Institute of the Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos, IdISSC, C\/Profesor Mart\u00edn Lagos s\/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biobank of Health Research Institute of the Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos, IdISSC, C\/Profesor Mart\u00edn Lagos s\/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1580-4509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariafe","family":"Laguna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Group, Centre for Biomedical Technology, Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Group of Organ and Tissue on-a-chip and In-Vitro Detection, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos, IdISSC, C\/Profesor Mart\u00edn Lagos s\/n, 4<sup>a<\/sup> Planta Sur, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Biobank of Health Research Institute of the Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos, IdISSC, C\/Profesor Mart\u00edn Lagos s\/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Applied Physics and Materials Engineering Department, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, C\/Jos\u00e9 Gutierrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9299-1371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Holgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Group, Centre for Biomedical Technology, Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Group of Organ and Tissue on-a-chip and In-Vitro Detection, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos, IdISSC, C\/Profesor Mart\u00edn Lagos s\/n, 4<sup>a<\/sup> Planta Sur, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Biobank of Health Research Institute of the Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos, IdISSC, C\/Profesor Mart\u00edn Lagos s\/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Applied Physics and Materials Engineering Department, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, C\/Jos\u00e9 Gutierrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"394","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"68","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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