{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:33:31Z","timestamp":1785407611928,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004348","name":"Family Erling-Persson Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS 2024-0781"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS 2024-0781"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004348","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004348","name":"Family Erling-Persson Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS 2021-0855"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS 2021-0855"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004348","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["RS 2024-0781"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS 2024-0781"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04sfsy924","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["RS 2021-0855"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS 2021-0855"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04sfsy924","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003793","name":"Swedish Heart Lung Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20241002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20241002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["20241002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20241002"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/052261q33","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008550","name":"Swedish Diabetes Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DIA2025-1017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DIA2025-1017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008550","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["DIA2025-1017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DIA2025-1017"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03d78g823","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024-02970"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-02970"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2024-02970"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-02970"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03zttf063","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This is a secondary analysis of a non-randomized controlled six-month trial concerning the effects of the 5:2 diet on cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, blood lipids, adipokines and inflammatory markers) in overweight or obese individuals with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). Ninety-seven individuals were recruited, 35 with T2D and 62 without (controls). Ninety-three completed six months of the 5:2 diet, consisting of 2 days of fasting (500 kilocalories (kcal) for women and 600 kcal for men) and five days of their regular diet. A total of 82 participants (31 with T2D and 51 controls) attended the 12-month follow-up. After the six-month intervention, both groups lost body weight (\u22126.3% in the T2D group and \u22125.0% among controls). There were significant improvements in waist circumference, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLchol), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLchol) and serum levels of adiponectin. In addition, participants with T2D had decreased alanine transferase (ALT) and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), which were significantly different from the control group. The control group had significant decreases in triglycerides and leptin concentrations. At the 12-month follow-up, improvements remained for HDLchol and adiponectin in both groups. In addition, the T2D group had significantly decreased hsCRP and leptin concentrations and the control group showed a significant decrease in ALT. In conclusion, a six-month 5:2 diet resulted in significant improvements in cardiovascular risk factors in overweight or obese participants with and without T2D, with several improvements persisting at 12 months. Individuals with T2D appeared to gain somewhat greater metabolic benefits from the intervention than the control group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27146460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T08:14:27Z","timestamp":1784621667000},"page":"6460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The 5:2 Diet Reduces Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Subjects with and Without Type 2 Diabetes\u2014A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6274-8354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton","family":"Hellberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2651-6710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michaela L.","family":"Sundqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, 114 33 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6481-6277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelica Lind\u00e9n","family":"Hirschberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6914-3902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergiu-Bogdan","family":"Catrina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Centre for Diabetes, Academic Specialist Centre, 113 65 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingeborg","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neda Rajamand","family":"Ekberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Centre for Diabetes, Academic Specialist Centre, 113 65 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Brismar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Centre for Diabetes, Academic Specialist Centre, 113 65 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2026, January 13). Obesity and Overweight. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/obesity-and-overweight."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2021.100256","article-title":"Treatment of NAFLD with intermittent calorie restriction or low-carb high-fat diet\u2014A randomised controlled trial","volume":"3","author":"Holmer","year":"2021","journal-title":"JHEP Rep."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1159\/000375143","article-title":"The global burden of obesity and the challenges of prevention","volume":"66","author":"Seidell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0025","article-title":"Lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease among individuals with and without diabetes stratified by obesity status in the Framingham heart study","volume":"31","author":"Fox","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2010). The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: A collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies. Lancet, 375, 2215\u20132222.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60484-9"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66378-7","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome","volume":"365","author":"Eckel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2015.04.014","article-title":"Adipokines in health and disease","volume":"36","author":"Fasshauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4727","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI91578","article-title":"The long road to leptin","volume":"126","author":"Friedman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.153953","article-title":"The role of adiponectin in cholesterol efflux and HDL biogenesis and metabolism","volume":"100","author":"Hafiane","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-019-0095-y","article-title":"Leptin and the endocrine control of energy balance","volume":"1","author":"Friedman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.976","article-title":"Adiponectin levels and risk of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"302","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.01.001","article-title":"Adiponectin receptor as a key player in healthy longevity and obesity-related diseases","volume":"17","author":"Yamauchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brismar, K., Hilding, A., Ansurudeen, I., Flyvbjerg, A., Frystyk, J., and Ostenson, C.G. (2022). Adiponectin, IGFBP-1 and -2 are independent predictors in forecasting prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Front. Endocrinol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1092307"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2015.02.031","article-title":"Lifestyle weight-loss intervention outcomes in overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"115","author":"Franz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Acad. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2007.07.017","article-title":"Weight-loss outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of weight-loss clinical trials with a minimum 1-year follow-up","volume":"107","author":"Franz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33102-1","article-title":"Primary care-led weight management for remission of type 2 diabetes (DiRECT): An open-label, cluster-randomised trial","volume":"391","author":"Lean","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/HJR.0b013e3282f17bd4","article-title":"Calorie restriction and cardiometabolic health","volume":"15","author":"Fontana","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Prev. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"2563","article-title":"Metabolic adaptation following massive weight loss is related to the degree of energy imbalance and changes in circulating leptin","volume":"22","author":"Knuth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2011.03.015","article-title":"Calorie restriction and prevention of age-associated chronic disease","volume":"585","author":"Omodei","year":"2011","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2010.00740.x","article-title":"Maintenance of weight loss after lifestyle interventions for overweight and obesity, a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Barte","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2016.12.016","article-title":"Cost-utility analysis for bariatric surgery compared with usual care for the treatment of obesity in Australia","volume":"13","author":"James","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg. Obes. Relat. Dis."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2016.3640","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of Bariatric Surgery in Adolescents with Obesity","volume":"152","author":"Klebanoff","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Surg."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16364","article-title":"Real-world evidence on the utilization, clinical and comparative effectiveness, and adverse effects of newer GLP-1RA-based weight-loss therapies","volume":"27","author":"Thomsen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206038","article-title":"Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity","volume":"387","author":"Jastreboff","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2032183","article-title":"Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity","volume":"384","author":"Wilding","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2025.100805","article-title":"The societal implications of using glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for the treatment of obesity","volume":"6","author":"Scragg","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa926","article-title":"Metabolic Impact of Intermittent Fasting in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Interventional Studies","volume":"106","author":"Borgundvaag","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2014.05.013","article-title":"Intermittent fasting vs. daily calorie restriction for type 2 diabetes prevention: A review of human findings","volume":"164","author":"Barnosky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2014.214","article-title":"Fasting for weight loss: An effective strategy or latest dieting trend?","volume":"39","author":"Johnstone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-022-00638-x","article-title":"Clinical application of intermittent fasting for weight loss: Progress and future directions","volume":"18","author":"Varady","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2010.171","article-title":"The effects of intermittent or continuous energy restriction on weight loss and metabolic disease risk markers: A randomized trial in young overweight women","volume":"35","author":"Harvie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.12.004","article-title":"Time-restricted eating: Watching the clock to treat obesity","volume":"36","author":"Ezpeleta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109003","article-title":"Intermittent fasting versus continuous energy-restricted diet for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome for glycemic control: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"179","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ekberg, N.R., Hellberg, A., Sundqvist, M.L., Hirschberg, A.L., Catrina, S.B., and Brismar, K. (2024). The 5:2 Diet Affects Markers of Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity in Subjects with and without Type 2 Diabetes-A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25179731"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2018.03.009","article-title":"Effect of intermittent versus continuous energy restriction on weight loss, maintenance and cardiometabolic risk: A randomized 1-year trial","volume":"28","author":"Sundfor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.04.010","article-title":"Early Time-Restricted Feeding Improves Insulin Sensitivity, Blood Pressure, and Oxidative Stress Even without Weight Loss in Men with Prediabetes","volume":"27","author":"Sutton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2015.11.009","article-title":"Endothelial IGF-1 Receptor Signalling in Diabetes and Insulin Resistance","volume":"27","author":"Cubbon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154766","article-title":"Insulin resistance, cardiovascular stiffening and cardiovascular disease","volume":"119","author":"Hill","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e180756","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.0756","article-title":"Effect of Intermittent Compared with Continuous Energy Restricted Diet on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Noninferiority Trial","volume":"1","author":"Carter","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20353","article-title":"Alternate day fasting and endurance exercise combine to reduce body weight and favorably alter plasma lipids in obese humans","volume":"21","author":"Bhutani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-12-146","article-title":"Alternate day fasting for weight loss in normal weight and overweight subjects: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Varady","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI88883","article-title":"The ominous triad of adipose tissue dysfunction: Inflammation, fibrosis, and impaired angiogenesis","volume":"127","author":"Crewe","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.2.2.120","article-title":"Diabetes and glucose tolerance as risk factors for cardiovascular disease: The Framingham study","volume":"2","author":"Kannel","year":"1979","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4867","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1245","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 as a novel specific marker of hepatic insulin sensitivity","volume":"93","author":"Kotronen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1097\/HJR.0b013e32831e953a","article-title":"Beneficial effects of individualized physical activity on prescription on body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors: Results from a randomized controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Kallings","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Prev. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olsson, S.J., Borjesson, M., Ekblom-Bak, E., Hemmingsson, E., Hellenius, M.L., and Kallings, L.V. (2015). Effects of the Swedish physical activity on prescription model on health-related quality of life in overweight older adults: A randomised controlled trial. BMC Public Health, 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2036-3"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genm.2008.05.003","article-title":"Gender differences in self-rated health, quality of life, quality of care, and metabolic control in patients with diabetes","volume":"5","author":"Unden","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gend. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499","article-title":"Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge","volume":"18","author":"Friedewald","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/14\/6460\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T07:37:48Z","timestamp":1784878668000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/14\/6460"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27146460"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27146460","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]}}}