{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:33:29Z","timestamp":1785407609018,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010301","name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP 13\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP 13\/19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010301","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["JP 13\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP 13\/19"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04f7vj627","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technical Development, and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-34\/2026-03\/200111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-34\/2026-03\/200111"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Arterial hypertension is a well-known risk factor for cardiac arrhythmias, while certain antihypertensive agents may also create conditions for arrhythmia occurrence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of selected class III antiarrhythmic drugs on cardiac function and structure, as well as on oxidative stress status, in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Male SHRs were treated for 4 weeks with dronedarone, amiodarone, or dofetilide. Cardiac function was assessed in vivo by echocardiography and ex vivo using the Langendorff model. Oxidative stress markers, myocardial morphology, and HSP70 and SERCA2 expression were analyzed. All drugs partially improved cardiac function in vivo, with dronedarone exerting the strongest antihypertensive effect. Ex vivo, dofetilide enhanced contractility and dronedarone reduced cardiac performance, whereas amiodarone showed intermediate effects. Oxidative stress was differentially modulated, with dofetilide and amiodarone improving antioxidant defenses, while dronedarone showed heterogeneous effects. Histologically, dofetilide preserved myocardial architecture most effectively, while amiodarone and dronedarone partially attenuated hypertensive remodeling. Treatments decreased HSP70 expression, while increasing SERCA2 expression, particularly in the dofetilide group. Class III antiarrhythmic drugs differentially affect cardiac function, redox balance, calcium handling, and myocardial remodeling in hypertension, which may contribute to their distinct antiarrhythmic and cardioprotective properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27146490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T15:17:52Z","timestamp":1784647072000},"page":"6490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Antiarrhythmics on Cardiac Phenotype and Redox Balance in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0911-2028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan M.","family":"Simovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Clinic for Cardiology, Clinical Center Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3835-1856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan M.","family":"Srejovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for the Study of Redox Balance in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, First Moscow State Medical University I.M. Sechenov, Moscow 119435, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Goran T.","family":"Davidovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Clinic for Cardiology, Clinical Center Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7578-5752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maja D.","family":"Muri\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for the Study of Redox Balance in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Slobodanka L.","family":"Mitrovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence for the Study of Redox Balance in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7436-1242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marko P.","family":"Ravi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence for the Study of Redox Balance in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marijana M.","family":"Andji\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence for the Study of Redox Balance in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7829-5812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina R.","family":"Nikoli\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for the Study of Redox Balance in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarina G.","family":"Mihajlovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence for the Study of Redox Balance in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5386-8116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nevena D.","family":"Lazarevi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence for the Study of Redox Balance in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergey B.","family":"Bolevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, First Moscow State Medical University I.M. 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