{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T22:23:57Z","timestamp":1792103037058,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) and metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-related liver disease (MetALD) are increasingly recognised as biologically heterogeneous conditions, but circulating novel adipokines have not been systematically synthesised in this setting. We searched PubMed\/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane CENTRAL from inception to 31 December 2025 for studies measuring chemerin, visfatin\/nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), vaspin, omentin-1 or retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP-4) in adults with ALD or MetALD; data were synthesised narratively using Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis (SWiM). Grey literature and non-English databases were not searched, which may have led to incomplete retrieval of small single-centre studies. Five studies were included. Direct ALD evidence came mainly from three cross-sectional alcoholic cirrhosis cohorts, while one population cohort linked baseline RBP-4 to incident MetALD\/ALD. RBP-4 showed a phase-dependent pattern, increasing before incident MetALD\/ALD but decreasing in established cirrhosis with impaired synthetic function. Chemerin was reduced, omentin-1 was markedly elevated, vaspin was nonspecific and historical visfatin\/NAMPT assays were difficult to interpret. Current evidence supports a hypothesis-generating three-axis framework: hepatic source failure, impaired hepatic clearance\/portal-systemic shunting and alcohol-driven adipose-liver inflammation. The available evidence chiefly reflects chronic alcohol-related cirrhosis together with limited incident MetALD\/ALD risk data, rather than the full ALD\/MetALD spectrum. Prospective MetALD-stratified cohorts with isoform-specific assays and objective alcohol biomarkers are required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27146509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T10:48:28Z","timestamp":1784717308000},"page":"6509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Circulating Adipokines in Alcohol-Related Liver Disease and MetALD: A Systematic Review and Structured Narrative Synthesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3849-8884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krystian","family":"Mirowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology and Environmental Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Balicka-\u015alusarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology and Environmental Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lubomir","family":"Skladany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HEGITO Liver & Transplant Unit, Department of Internal Medicine 2, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, F. D. Roosevelt Hospital, 975 17 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8561-396X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"Arab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA"},{"name":"Stravitz-Sanyal Institute for Liver Disease and Metabolic Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivica","family":"Grgurevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Dubrava, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Kukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.10.041","article-title":"Alcohol-related liver disease: Areas of consensus, unmet needs and opportunities for further study","volume":"70","author":"Thursz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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