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Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biomarker discovery in sarcoidosis mechanisms represents an innovative research tool. Inflammatory responses in sarcoidosis patients were analyzed by flow cytometry to highlight CD8a+CD45+, CD45+CD8a\u2212, CD4+CD19+, CD4+CD19\u2212, CD3+CD56+CD16+, CD56+CD16+, and CD16+CD56\u2212 as predictive biomarkers. In our study, monocyte-derived macrophage activation (M1 phenotype), represented by CD8a+CD45+ expression, is characteristic of granulomatous inflammation in active and progressive sarcoidosis and serves as a biomarker with very good accuracy and high specificity for establishing a diagnosis of sarcoidosis. As a prognostic biomarker, it is an independent predictive factor of disease progression, being negatively associated with applied treatments by sarcoidosis stage. The accumulation of activated CD4+ T-helper cells in sarcoid granulomas is responsible for the establishment of a pro-inflammatory phenotype and serves as a biomarker with good accuracy and high specificity for sarcoidosis diagnosis. As a prognostic biomarker, CD3+CD56+CD16+ (iNKT) is an independent predictor associated negatively with disease progression, being positively correlated with treatment applied by sarcoidosis stage. CD biomarker analysis, yielding predictive models with specificity for diagnosis and prognosis, is an important research tool for estimating disease progression in patients with different inflammatory response phenotypes across the stages of sarcoidosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27146516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T13:25:46Z","timestamp":1784726746000},"page":"6516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Specific Biomarkers Involved in Sarcoidosis Diagnosis and Prognosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8554-7739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Matei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology, \u201cOvidius\u201d University of Constanta, 145 Tomis Boulevard, 900591 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viorica","family":"P\u00eeslan (Zamfir)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Pneumology, The Pneumophthisiology Hospital of Constanta, 40 Santinelei Street, 900002 Constanta, Romania"},{"name":"Medical Doctoral School, Medicine Faculty, \u201cOvidius\u201d University of Constanta, 1 Universitatii Street, 900470 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria-Cristina","family":"\u0218u\u021ba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine Faculty, \u201cOvidius\u201d University of Constanta, 1 Universitatii Street, 900470 Constanta, Romania"},{"name":"Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine Section II, \u201cSf. Apostol Andrei\u201d Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Boulevard, 900591 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgeta Camelia","family":"Cozaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology, \u201cOvidius\u201d University of Constanta, 145 Tomis Boulevard, 900591 Constanta, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical Service of Pathology, \u201cSf. 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