{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:48:05Z","timestamp":1785415685478,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Government of Russia","award":["ICBFM SB RAS 125012300658-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ICBFM SB RAS 125012300658-9"]}]},{"award":["ICBFM SB RAS 125012300658-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ICBFM SB RAS 125012300658-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02hchde94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, a novel class of highly stable multiprotein complexes, with molecular masses ranging from 1 to 2 MDa, has been identified in human milk, placenta, sea urchin eggs, and sea cucumbers. These complexes exhibit extraordinary stability, dissociating only under stringent conditions involving 8 M urea, 3 M MgCl2, EDTA, and DTT. Previous investigations have demonstrated that complexes derived from different organs of the sea cucumber Paracaudina chilensis differ in size, molecular mass, and protein\/peptide composition; however, their enzymatic activities have remained unexplored. In the present work, we performed the first systematic analysis of phosphatase activity associated with highly stable complexes isolated from five organs of P. chilensis: the body wall, gonads, respiratory trees, intestine, and coelomic fluid. Complexes were purified via gel filtration chromatography on Sepharose 4B, followed by ultracentrifugation. Phosphatase activity was determined spectrophotometrically by monitoring the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate. Our results indicate that all five complexes harbor phosphatases with optimal pH values spanning 7.0 to 10.0. Alkaline phosphatases (pH 9.0\u201310.0) displayed pronounced organ specificity: maximal activity was observed in the intestinal complex, whereas minimal activity was detected in the gonadal complex. Phosphatase activity in complexes from the body wall and respiratory trees exhibited a bell-shaped dependence on Mg2+ concentration, with optima at 5 mM and 1 mM, respectively; in contrast, activity in the intestinal and coelomic fluid complexes increased to a plateau at 5\u201310 mM Mg2+. Ca2+ ions predominantly inhibited activity, with the notable exception of the intestinal complex, where they exerted no effect on hydrolysis. EDTA treatment resulted in complete inactivation of the enzymes in most complexes; however, intestinal activity was retained at 50% even at high chelator concentrations, suggesting the presence of a metal-independent phosphatase. Collectively, these data indicate that the stable multiprotein complexes of P. chilensis contain an organ-specific repertoire of phosphatases that differ in pH optimum, metal ion dependence, and inhibitor sensitivity. These findings open new avenues for understanding the roles of such complexes in organ-specific physiological functions and regenerative mechanisms in echinoderms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27146533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T01:01:28Z","timestamp":1784768488000},"page":"6533","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phosphatase Activities of a Highly Stable High-Molecular-Mass Multiprotein Complex Isolated from Different Organs of the Sea Cucumber Paracaudina chilensis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Svetlana E.","family":"Soboleva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadejda A.","family":"Maltseva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4416-7844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavel S.","family":"Dmitrenok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok 690022, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4988-8923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgy A.","family":"Nevinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80922-8","article-title":"The cell as a collection of protein machines: Preparing the next generation of molecular biologists","volume":"92","author":"Alberts","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4811-1-11","article-title":"Blue-native PAGE in plants: A tool in analysis of protein-protein interactions","volume":"1","author":"Eubel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plant Methods"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dnarep.2004.08.003","article-title":"The Elg1 replication factor C-like complex: A novel guardian of genome stability","volume":"4","author":"Aroya","year":"2005","journal-title":"DNA Repair"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021258713850","article-title":"Multi-protein complexes in eukaryotic gene transcription","volume":"50","author":"Martinez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant Mol. 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