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This study compared the systemic and neurobiological effects of a multi-form Mg supplement (Magnesium Breakthrough\u2122, Mg BT\u2122, BIOptimizers, Reno, NV, USA) with commonly used single-form Mg compounds in a rat model. Sixty-day-old male Wistar rats were assigned to a control group or to groups receiving Mg BT\u2122 or individual Mg compounds (oxide, citrate or glycinate). Treatments were administered by gastric gavage for 30 days at 50 mg\/kg\/day of elemental Mg. A comprehensive panel of endpoints was evaluated, including Mg distribution in biological fluids and tissues, metabolic markers, glucose tolerance, synaptic protein expression (synaptophysin, PSD95, phospho-PSD95, drebrin), cortical gene expression (NR2B, BDNF), behavioral outcomes, and liver and kidney histology. Magnesium from the multi-form supplement increased serum Mg without affecting glucose homeostasis and modulated proteins involved in synaptic plasticity, accompanied by mild anxiolytic-like effects without changes in locomotion. No adverse histological alterations were observed, while preserved renal CLDN-19 expression indicated maintained tubular integrity. These findings suggest that supplementation with the multi-form Mg BT\u2122 supplement influences multiple evaluated biological domains, including systemic, behavioral and molecular parameters, with effects comparable to those observed with individual magnesium compounds under the experimental conditions applied.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27156581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T07:36:13Z","timestamp":1784878573000},"page":"6581","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrated Systemic and Neurobiological Effects of a Multi-Form Magnesium Supplement Compared to Single Magnesium Forms in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1813-6873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muamer","family":"Dizdar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja 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Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0511-8799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milica","family":"Manojlovi\u0107-Stojanoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d\u2014National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjana","family":"Mihailovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d\u2014National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5651-7178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sla\u0111an","family":"Pavlovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d\u2014National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111294","article-title":"Bioavailability of Magnesium Food Supplements: A Systematic Review","volume":"89","author":"Pardo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-015-0081-z","article-title":"The Effect of Acute vs. Chronic Magnesium 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