{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:19:24Z","timestamp":1785421164137,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taiwan National Science and Technology Council","award":["NSTC 110-2314-B-182A-026-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 110-2314-B-182A-026-MY2"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CMRPG3P0752"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3P0752"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["CMRPG3P0752"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3P0752"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02dnn6q67","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Preimplantation embryo development requires a tightly regulated microenvironment that is not fully reproduced by conventional static culture. We developed a polydimethylsiloxane-based microfluidic embryo co-culture platform integrating compartmentalized architecture with dynamic perfusion to simulate physiological conditions. The study included two stages. First, NIH\/3T3 mouse fibroblasts were evaluated as helper cells under three culture conditions after transition to embryo culture medium. Helper-cell viability in the dynamic chip was 84.72%, compared with 71.91% after manual medium replacement in 24-well plates and 94.27% in the 24-well control group. Second, mouse embryos were cultured under four conditions: conventional 24-well plates, static microfluidic chip culture with co-culture, dynamic microfluidic chips without co-culture, and dynamic microfluidic chip co-culture. Blastocyst formation rates were 100.0% (9\/9), 0.0% (0\/6), 33.3% (3\/9), and 55.5% (5\/9), respectively. Because no inferential statistical analysis was performed, these proportions are interpreted descriptively. Nevertheless, the blastocyst formation in the microfluidic co-culture group supports the technical feasibility of integrating dynamic perfusion and helper-cell co-culture within a single platform. Further optimization and validation are required. This platform provides a foundation for future development of advanced embryo culture technologies including patient-specific endometrial co-culture systems in assisted reproduction, disease modeling, or drug development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27156592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T10:38:41Z","timestamp":1784889521000},"page":"6592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microfluidic Fibroblast Cell Culture Chip for Embryo Co-Culture: Analysis of Preimplantation Embryo Viability and Development Potential"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Ya-Shun","family":"Lo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, 5, Fu-Shin Street, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian-Chi","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, 5, Fu-Shin Street, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Te-Yu","family":"Tsou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Cheng","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Wen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, 5, Fu-Shin Street, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0189-9578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Syang","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6631-780X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Da-Jeng","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Yuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, 5, Fu-Shin Street, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12450","article-title":"The Microenvironment of Human Implantation: Determinant of Reproductive Success","volume":"75","author":"Salamonsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. 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