{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:03:47Z","timestamp":1785402227113,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Recovery and Resilience Plan","award":["CN_00000033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CN_00000033"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["E93C22001090001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E93C22001090001"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2014NextGenerationEU"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019w4f821","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In vertebrates, circulating and tissue-resident immune cells contribute to host defense and tissue homeostasis. Their balance is maintained through hematopoiesis and anatomical reservoirs. In mollusks, this balancing is poorly investigated. Thus, the dynamics of circulating and tissue-resident hemocytes after a hemolymph withdrawal were analyzed in Pomacea canaliculata, a snail that allows repeated hemolymph withdrawals and possesses posterior kidney (PK) cell aggregates known as hemocyte islets. In the absence of specific hemocyte markers, flow cytometry data revealed dynamic changes in circulating hemocyte number and populations within 48 h following hemolymph withdrawal. In addition, computer-assisted image analysis of histological sections showed a significant transient reduction in PK hemocyte-islet area. Analyses of publicly available P. canaliculata transcriptomes revealed predominant and highly variable expression of two hematopoiesis-related genes, namely Transglutaminase (PcTGase) and Hematopoietically expressed homeobox protein (PcHhex), in circulating hemocytes and PK. Fluorescence in situ hybridization highlighted constitutive PcTGase and PcHhex expression within PK hemocyte islets. RT-qPCR experiments confirmed transcriptomic data on PcTGase and PcHhex constitutive expression, without significant modulation following hemolymph withdrawal. Collectively, these findings provide the first evidence of parallel recovery dynamics involving circulating hemocytes and PK hemocyte islets in P. canaliculata.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27156619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T09:47:41Z","timestamp":1785145661000},"page":"6619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Parallel Recovery Dynamics of Circulating and Tissue-Resident Hemocytes Following Hemolymph Withdrawal in Pomacea canaliculata"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9961-3951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Losi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Ferri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Montanari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Franchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Sansalone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"Sacchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9857-8534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Malagoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"},{"name":"NBFC\u2014National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duhamel, M., and Salzet, M. 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