{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:34:57Z","timestamp":1785418497738,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"AGENCIA NACIONAL DE INVESTIGACI\u00d3N Y DESARROLLO (ANID) Chile"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02ap3w078","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005916","name":"Universidad de La Frontera","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PP24-0019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PP24-0019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005916","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["PP24-0019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PP24-0019"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04v0snf24","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rhodococcus species display remarkable metabolic versatility and adaptation to extreme environments, yet their antimicrobial potential remains largely unexplored, particularly in strains representing undescribed genomic lineages. This study investigated whether the genome of Rhodococcus sp. GB-02, a strain isolated from Antarctic soil, encodes antimicrobial peptides with demonstrable activity against clinically relevant pathogens. Hybrid genome assembly revealed a 6.58 Mb high-quality draft genome belonging to a previously undescribed genomic lineage within the genus Rhodococcus, based on average nucleotide identity and digital DNA\u2013DNA hybridization analyses. Genome mining identified 20 biosynthetic gene clusters, predominantly non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, several of which showed low or no similarity to known pathways. Eight putative antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) were computationally predicted; among these, three lacked detectable homology to sequences in current databases, and experimental validation of one predicted peptide, designated Peptide 5764, demonstrated antibacterial activity at high micromolar concentrations against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens and concentration-dependent inhibition of biofilm formation, particularly in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, Peptide 5764 exhibited considerable hemolytic activity at antibacterial concentrations, indicating that optimization for membrane selectivity will be required before therapeutic application. These findings establish Rhodococcus sp. GB-02 as an underexplored Antarctic lineage with a diverse biosynthetic repertoire and provide proof-of-concept that genome-guided AMP prediction can identify experimentally active peptide scaffolds from this lineage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27156655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T09:47:41Z","timestamp":1785145661000},"page":"6655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genome-Guided Discovery of an Antimicrobial Peptide Scaffold from an Undescribed Antarctic Rhodococcus Lineage: A Proof-of-Concept Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3924-6580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dayaimi","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Menci\u00f3n Biolog\u00eda Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine\u2014Scientific and Technology Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT- BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Alemania N\u00b0 0458, Temuco 4780000, Chile"},{"name":"Millennium Nucleus Bioproducts, Genomics and Environmental Microbiology (BioGEM), Avenida Espa\u00f1a 1680, Valpara\u00edso 2390123, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine\u2014Scientific and Technology Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT- BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Alemania N\u00b0 0458, Temuco 4780000, Chile"},{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile"},{"name":"Center of Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Alemania N\u00b0 0458, Temuco 4780000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5642-6965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eul\u00e0lia","family":"Sans-Serramitjana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine\u2014Scientific and Technology Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT- BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Alemania N\u00b0 0458, Temuco 4780000, Chile"},{"name":"Millennium Nucleus Bioproducts, Genomics and Environmental Microbiology (BioGEM), Avenida Espa\u00f1a 1680, Valpara\u00edso 2390123, Chile"},{"name":"Department of Integral Adult Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4780000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7829-0568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fanny","family":"Guzm\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curauma Biotechnology Center, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Valpara\u00edso 2362807, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7293-517X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Gallardo-Benavente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Center for Microbial Studies (CEBEM), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dayani","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cirug\u00eda General, Facultad de Medicina de Mayabeque, Universidad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas de La Habana, Mayabeque 32000, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7131-8468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mercyleidi D\u00edaz","family":"Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario 2000, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7060-0656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisca","family":"Acevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine\u2014Scientific and Technology Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT- BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Alemania N\u00b0 0458, Temuco 4780000, Chile"},{"name":"Millennium Nucleus Bioproducts, Genomics and Environmental Microbiology (BioGEM), Avenida Espa\u00f1a 1680, Valpara\u00edso 2390123, Chile"},{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3646","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.15300","article-title":"Antarctic desert soil bacteria exhibit high novel natural product potential, evaluated through long-read genome sequencing and comparative genomics","volume":"23","author":"Benaud","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. 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