{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:19:06Z","timestamp":1785417546627,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior\u2013Brazil","award":["Finance code: 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Finance code: 001"]}]},{"award":["Finance code: 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Finance code: 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00x0ma614","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is characterized by progressive renal dysfunction driven by oxidative stress, inflammation, and hemodynamic alterations. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has emerged as a potential non-invasive therapeutic strategy targeting these pathways. To evaluate the effects of PBM on kidney function, hemodynamics, oxidative stress, and inflammatory profile in a rat model of DKD. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control (Ct), Ct + PBM, DKD, and DKD + PBM. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (60 mg\/kg, i.v.). PBM (808 nm, 100 mW) was applied transcutaneously (3 J per point; 30.48 J\/cm2), bilaterally over the renal region, three times per week for six weeks. Kidney function (inulin clearance, serum creatinine, albuminuria), hemodynamics (mean arterial pressure, renal blood flow, renal vascular resistance), oxidative stress markers (urinary H2O2, NOx, thiols, Nrf2), and IL-1\u03b2 levels were evaluated. DKD animals showed impaired kidney function, increased oxidative stress, and elevated inflammatory markers. PBM treatment significantly improved inulin clearance, reduced albuminuria and serum creatinine, increased renal blood flow, and decreased mean arterial pressure and vascular resistance. Oxidative stress markers and IL-1\u03b2 levels were attenuated, with partial restoration of antioxidant capacity. No significant histological differences were observed. PBM improves kidney function and modulates redox and inflammatory pathways in experimental DKD, supporting its potential as a non-invasive adjunct therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27156678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T09:47:41Z","timestamp":1785145661000},"page":"6678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Photobiomodulation Improves Kidney Function and Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in a Male Wistar Rat Model of Diabetic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2307-307X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica Paola","family":"Garcia Villalba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5143-6865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eloiza de Oliveira","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9689-6459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana Veloso Gusm\u00e3o","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla Djamila de Pina","family":"Victoria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8886-4029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maikol Lucas de Camargo","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6611-2249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rildo Aparecido","family":"Volpini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura Giovanna Fernandes","family":"Vattimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-090, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7036-5676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria de Fatima Fernandes","family":"Vattimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation (2025, May 21). 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