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J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>APG157DS is a multi-component investigational drug which is currently the subject of multiple cancer trials. It has shown promising efficacy in patients with head and neck cancer. We report its immuno-modulatory effect in a syngeneic mouse model of glioblastoma (GBM). Long-term treatment with APG157DS led to durable tumor remission in 50% of mice, while all vehicle-treated mice reached humane endpoints within 42 days. Mechanistically, the drug induced selective repolarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) from an immunosuppressive Arg1high\/iNOSlow phenotype to a tumoricidal Arg1low\/iNOShigh state, accompanied by increased intratumoral recruitment of activated (NKp46+) natural killer cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells. APG157DS also suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1\u03b1) expression in tumors, further impairing tumor growth. Notably, APG157DS did not elicit off-target macrophage activation in peripheral tissues such as the spleen, highlighting its selective immune targeting. These findings provide a mechanistic rationale for further clinical development of APG157DS in GBM and potentially other immune-evasive cancers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27156687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T09:47:41Z","timestamp":1785145661000},"page":"6687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["First-in-Class Immuno-Oncology Drug APG157DS Repolarizes Innate Immune Cells and Induces Durable Remission in a Syngeneic Glioblastoma Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Shubhasmita","family":"Mohapatra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, The College of Staten Island (CUNY), Staten Island, NY 10314, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8864-489X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Program in Biochemistry, The College of Staten Island (CUNY), New York, NY 10314, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4316-1369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neha","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging & Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research and Preclinical Imaging, Division for Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Markovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging & Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research and Preclinical Imaging, Division for Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5669-7893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren","family":"O\u2019Donnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging & Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research and Preclinical Imaging, Division for Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youssef Zaim","family":"Wadghiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging & Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research and Preclinical Imaging, Division for Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khondoker Takia","family":"Zaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Program in Biochemistry, The College of Staten Island (CUNY), New York, NY 10314, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Avila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aveta Biomics, Inc., 110 Great Road, Suite 302, Bedford, MA 01730, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parag","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aveta Biomics, Inc., 110 Great Road, Suite 302, Bedford, MA 01730, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9429-1010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Probal","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, The College of Staten Island (CUNY), Staten Island, NY 10314, USA"},{"name":"Doctoral Program in Biochemistry, The College of Staten Island (CUNY), New York, NY 10314, USA"},{"name":"Center for Developmental Neuroscience, The College of Staten Island (CUNY), Staten Island, NY 10314, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Thakkar, J.V. 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