{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T12:08:32Z","timestamp":1785154112522,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Government Foundation of Excellent Clinical Medicine Talent Program of Hebei","award":["ZF2025100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZF2025100"]}]},{"name":"Medical Science Research Project of Hebei","award":["20250052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20250052"]}]},{"name":"Medical Science Research Project of Hebei","award":["20250057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20250057"]}]},{"name":"Central Government Guides Local Funds for Science and Technology Development","award":["246Z7709G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["246Z7709G"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are a heterogeneous group of autoimmune diseases with wide variation in pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and serological profiles, leading to substantial differences in diagnosis, classification, treatment response, and prognosis among patients. Although decades of progress have been made in understanding myositis-specific autoantibodies and molecular pathology, important gaps remain in elucidating disease mechanisms and identifying effective therapeutic targets. Therefore, animal models that recapitulate key characteristics of human IIMs provide an indispensable platform for addressing current limitations in mechanistic research and promoting translational studies. This review comprehensively discusses animal models related to the major clinical\u2013serological subtypes of IIMs, including polymyositis-like T-cell-mediated models, dermatomyositis models, inclusion body myositis models, antisynthetase syndrome models, and immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy models. Particular attention is given to model construction, pathological phenotypes, dominant immune mechanisms, therapeutic applications, and translational limitations. By organizing current models according to subtype-related pathological and immunological features, this narrative review aims to provide a clearer framework for selecting appropriate experimental systems and to facilitate more precise, mechanism-driven myositis research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27156697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T11:54:26Z","timestamp":1785153266000},"page":"6697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Animal Models of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies: Bridging Mechanistic Insights and Clinical Translation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Guanyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China"},{"name":"Hebei Medical University-National University of Ireland Galway Stem Cell Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China"},{"name":"Hebei International Joint Research Center on Rheumatic Diseases, Shijiazhuang 050000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoxin","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China"},{"name":"Hebei International Joint Research Center on Rheumatic Diseases, Shijiazhuang 050000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China"},{"name":"Hebei International Joint Research Center on Rheumatic Diseases, Shijiazhuang 050000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0756-2845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl J. A.","family":"McCullagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Physiology, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, Human Biology Building, University of Galway, H91 W5P7 Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9021-7040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cuiqing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5762-5592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aijing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China"},{"name":"Hebei International Joint Research Center on Rheumatic Diseases, Shijiazhuang 050000, China"},{"name":"Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Shijiazhuang 050017, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martins, E.F., Cappello, C.H., Shinjo, S.K., Appenzeller, S., and de Souza, J.M. 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