{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T05:00:43Z","timestamp":1785301243397,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease (BD) is a chronic, multisystem vasculitis characterized by dysregulated immune responses and prominent Th1\/Th17 polarization; however, the upstream epigenetic regulatory mechanisms driving this inflammatory imbalance remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the coordinated expression and diagnostic relevance of key long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs; NEAT1 and MEG3) and microRNAs (miR-124 and miR-146a), and their association with IL-17\/IL-6-mediated inflammation in BD. In a case\u2013control study, serum levels of the selected non-coding RNAs were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR, while cytokine concentrations were measured using ELISA, complemented by bioinformatic interaction analysis and integrated statistical and machine learning approaches. Patients with BD exhibited marked downregulation of NEAT1, MEG3, miR-124, and miR-146a (p &lt; 0.0001), accompanied by significantly elevated IL-17 and IL-6 levels. Individually, biomarkers demonstrated strong discriminatory capacity (AUC 0.83\u20130.92), while combined panels further improved classification performance. Multivariate modeling identified these non-coding RNAs as independent predictors of BD, and machine learning analysis identified miR-146a and IL-17 as the most influential contributors to disease classification. Notably, selected biomarkers showed associations with specific clinical manifestations, supporting their potential clinical relevance. Bioinformatic analyses identified putative interactions between NEAT1 and miR-124\/miR-146a, while MEG3 demonstrated independent diagnostic value without evidence of direct interaction with the investigated miRNAs. Collectively, these findings provide a hypothesis-generating framework for future mechanistic investigations and support the potential diagnostic value of the investigated biomarker panel, although validation in larger multicenter cohorts and disease-control populations is warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27156720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T16:11:56Z","timestamp":1785168716000},"page":"6720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serum NEAT1\/MEG3 and miR-124\/miR-146a Dysregulation in Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Disease: Association with Th17\/NF-\u03baB-Related Inflammation and Diagnostic Potential"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3731-1561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah F.","family":"Radwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City 11829, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1638-0367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanan A.","family":"Rizk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Humanities and Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5518-6023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona Sami","family":"Awed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City 11829, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manar R.","family":"Senosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Gamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Andrology, Sexology and STI\u2019s, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3031-3599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olfat G.","family":"Shaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghada","family":"Ayeldeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2022.2159205","article-title":"Behcet disease: An undifferentiating and complex vasculitis","volume":"135","author":"Pak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattioli, I., Bettiol, A., Saruhan-Direskeneli, G., Direskeneli, H., and Emmi, G. (2021). Pathogenesis of Beh\u00e7et\u2019s syndrome: Genetic, environmental and immunological factors. Front. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.713052"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3223","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-024-07089-x","article-title":"Clinical profiling, treatment characteristics and outcome in Behcet\u2019s Disease (BD)\u2014A retrospective cohort study from Karnataka Rheumatology Association (KRA)","volume":"43","author":"Rao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2023.109661","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis of Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease","volume":"253","author":"Nowatzky","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirahara, L., Takase-Minegishi, K., Kirino, Y., Iizuka-Iribe, Y., Soejima, Y., Yoshimi, R., and Nakajima, H. (2022). The roles of monocytes and macrophages in beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease with focus on M1 and M2 polarization. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.852297"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.12.005","article-title":"Cytokines and Behcet\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s42358-023-00328-w","article-title":"The roles of immune cells in Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease","volume":"63","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nanke, Y., Yago, T., and Kotake, S. (2017). The role of Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of Behcet\u2019s disease. J. Clin. Med., 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm6070074"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopalco, G., Lucherini, O.M., Lopalco, A., Venerito, V., Fabiani, C., Frediani, B., Galeazzi, M., Lapadula, G., Cantarini, L., and Iannone, F. (2017). Cytokine signatures in mucocutaneous and ocular behcet\u2019s disease. Front. Immunol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00200"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Masoumi, M., Montazeri, S.M.H., Jazi, K., Nazari, S., Hajrezaei, Z., and Azizkhani, M. (2024). Role of regulatory T cells in pathogenesis and therapeutics of Beh\u00e7et disease. Regulatory T Cells and Autoimmune Diseases, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-13947-5.00013-0"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11775","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-07947-4","article-title":"The regulatory role of long non-coding RNAs as a novel controller of immune response against cancer cells","volume":"49","author":"Mofed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70090","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.70090","article-title":"Cellular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targeting of Long Noncoding RNAs in Atherosclerotic Disease","volume":"78","author":"Doghish","year":"2026","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trim.2022.101716","article-title":"The role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) in immune diseases","volume":"75","author":"Jing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transpl. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taheri, M., Barth, D.A., Kargl, J., Rezaei, O., Ghafouri-Fard, S., and Pichler, M. (2021). Emerging role of non-coding RNAs in regulation of T-lymphocyte function. Front. Immunol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.756042"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3771","article-title":"Gene regulation in the immune system by long noncoding RNAs","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s43042-024-00553-y","article-title":"A brief review of noncoding RNA","volume":"25","author":"George","year":"2024","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Med. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405150","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2405150","article-title":"MicroRNA expression profiling in Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease","volume":"2018","author":"Puccetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, X., Wang, X., Zheng, G., Tan, G., Zhou, F., Wei, W., Tian, D., and Yu, H. (2021). Critical role of gut microbiota and epigenetic factors in the pathogenesis of beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.719235"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-025-00080-w","article-title":"miR-146a regulates neuroinflammation and immune cell function in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"45","author":"Xiong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Schlotterer, A., Kurowski, L., Li, L., Dannehl, M., Hammes, H.-P., and Lin, J. (2023). miRNA-124 prevents rat diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting the microglial inflammatory response. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032291"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156129","article-title":"Kunduan Yimu Decoction affected Th17\/Treg balance through microRNA-124 to improve rheumatoid arthritis pathology","volume":"135","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"03946320231154998","DOI":"10.1177\/03946320231154998","article-title":"Crosstalk between miR-146a and pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"37","author":"Talaat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.90059","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 and human cancer: A systematic review of mechanistic insights, functional roles, and therapeutic potential","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.2741\/e777","article-title":"Genes associated with T helper 17 cell differentiation and function","volume":"8","author":"Nalbant","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Biosci. Elite"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2117112119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2117112119","article-title":"HIPK2 directs cell type\u2013specific regulation of STAT3 transcriptional activity in Th17 cell differentiation","volume":"119","author":"Cheung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-025-10218-7","article-title":"Role of NEAT1 and HOTAIR long non-coding RNAs in Behcet\u2019s Disease pathogenesis and their correlation with target inflammatory cytokines","volume":"52","author":"Faghfouri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"1461","article-title":"Beh\u00e7et\u2019s syndrome: One year in review 2022","volume":"40","author":"Hatemi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3074","article-title":"Non-coding RNAs in human disease","volume":"12","author":"Esteller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2017.99","article-title":"Non-coding RNA networks in cancer","volume":"18","author":"Anastasiadou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12481","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605298103","article-title":"NF-kappab-dependent induction of microRNA miR-146, an inhibitor targeted to signaling proteins of innate immune responses","volume":"103","author":"Taganov","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-016-1473-5","article-title":"Nicotine protects against DSS colitis through regulating microRNA-124 and STAT3","volume":"95","author":"Qin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199910213411707","article-title":"Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease","volume":"341","author":"Sakane","year":"1999","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213225","article-title":"2018 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of Beh\u00e7et\u2019s syndrome","volume":"77","author":"Hatemi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Davatchi, F. (2018). Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Disease, Wiley Online Library."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.2147\/BTT.S493191","article-title":"Expression Levels of lncRNA NEAT1, miRNA-21, and IL-17 in a group of Egyptian patients with Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease: Relation to disease manifestations and activity","volume":"18","author":"Hussein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol. Targets Ther."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohammed, S.R., Abdelaleem, O.O., Ahmed, F.A., Abdelaziz, A.A., Hussein, H.A., Eid, H.M., Kamal, M., Ezzat, M.A., and Ali, M.A. (2022). Expression of lncRNAs NEAT1 and lnc-DC in serum from patients with Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease can be used as predictors of disease. Front. Mol. Biosci., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.797689"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3866","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39627-7","article-title":"Single-cell profiling of lncRNA expression during Ebola virus infection in rhesus macaques","volume":"14","author":"Santus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01669-0","article-title":"Non-coding RNAs expression in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Pathogenesis, clinical significance and therapeutic targets","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tesi, M., and Vaglio, A. (2025). Epigenetics and Systemic Vasculitis. Epigenetics and Rare Diseases, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-02902-7_8"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533432","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2025.2533432","article-title":"Epigenetic modifications of immune cells in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"57","author":"Cai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.162","article-title":"The role of long non-coding RNAs in rheumatic diseases","volume":"13","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13571","article-title":"Epigenetics: An opportunity to shape innate and adaptive immune responses","volume":"167","author":"Liotti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s43042-020-00085-1","article-title":"Expression of miR-146a and miR-155 in Egyptian patients with Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease: Clinical significance and relationship with disease activity","volume":"21","author":"Nassef","year":"2020","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Med. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1186\/s43042-024-00605-3","article-title":"Assessment of liver x receptor messenger RNA beta and microRNA-146a in a group of Egyptian patients with Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease","volume":"25","author":"Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Med. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-018-4191-2","article-title":"MicroRNA-146a expression and microRNA-146a rs2910164 polymorphism in Behcet\u2019s disease patients","volume":"38","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12393","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12393","article-title":"Multiomic integration reveals neuronal-extracellular vesicle coordination of gliotic responses in degeneration","volume":"12","author":"Cioanca","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C3","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00022.2019","article-title":"MicroRNAs in brain development and cerebrovascular pathophysiology","volume":"317","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Sadlon, A. (2021). Expression Levels of Blood microRNAs as Biomarker of Cognitive Decline due to Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. [Ph.D. Thesis, Imperial College]."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qin, Z., Wang, P.-Y., Su, D.-F., and Liu, X. (2016). miRNA-124 in immune system and immune disorders. Front. Immunol., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00406"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3913","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-12-4318","article-title":"MiR-124 inhibits STAT3 signaling to enhance T cell\u2013mediated immune clearance of glioma","volume":"73","author":"Wei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Francesco, B., Verzella, D., Capece, D., Vecchiotti, D., Di Vito Nolfi, M., Flati, I., Cornice, J., Di Padova, M., Angelucci, A., and Alesse, E. (2022). NF-\u03baB: A druggable target in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14143557"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b22-00887","article-title":"The physiological and pathophysiological role of IL-6\/STAT3-mediated signal transduction and STAT3 binding partners in therapeutic applications","volume":"46","author":"Matsuda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.08.001","article-title":"The exercise IL-6 enigma in cancer","volume":"34","author":"Orange","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-026-01801-x","article-title":"Cytokines and cancer-associated fibroblasts","volume":"19","author":"Hu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"2071","article-title":"Associations between circulating interleukin-17 levels and Behcet\u2019s disease and between IL-17 gene polymorphisms and disease susceptibility: A meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s12950-016-0130-7","article-title":"MicroRNAs differentially expressed in Behcet disease are involved in interleukin-6 production","volume":"13","author":"Woo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2266","article-title":"MicroRNA-124 promotes microglia quiescence and suppresses EAE by deactivating macrophages via the C\/EBP-\u03b1\u2013PU. 1 pathway","volume":"17","author":"Ponomarev","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, Y., Luo, Z.-M., Guo, X.-M., Su, D.-F., and Liu, X. (2015). An updated role of microRNA-124 in central nervous system disorders: A review. Front. Cell. Neurosci., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00193"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-022-00880-7","article-title":"Vascular Beh\u00e7et syndrome: From pathogenesis to treatment","volume":"19","author":"Bettiol","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2020.7605","article-title":"NEAT1 knockdown suppresses endothelial cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by regulating miR-638\/AKT\/mTOR signaling in atherosclerosis","volume":"44","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293409","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2023.2293409","article-title":"LncRNA NEAT1 aggravates human microvascular endothelial cell injury by inhibiting the Apelin\/Nrf2\/HO-1 signalling pathway in type 2 diabetes mellitus with obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-024-01346-8","article-title":"A possible role of lncRNA MEG3 and lncRNA MAFG-AS1 on miRNA 147-b in the pathogenesis of Behcet\u2019s disease","volume":"76","author":"Abobakr","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garratt, H., Ashburn, R., Sopi\u0107, M., Nogara, A., Caporali, A., and Miti\u0107, T. (2021). Long non-coding RNA regulation of epigenetics in vascular cells. Non-Coding RNA, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/ncrna7040062"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.124.325685","article-title":"Biophysical and biochemical roles of shear stress on endothelium: A revisit and new insights","volume":"136","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6315","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15678","article-title":"Functional non-coding RNAs in vascular diseases","volume":"288","author":"Ono","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calabriso, N., Massaro, M., Scoditti, E., Carluccio, C., Verri, T., and Carluccio, M.A. (2023). Epigenetic mechanisms in vascular inflammation: Modulation of endothelial adhesion molecules and endothelium-leukocyte adhesion. Front. Biosci.-Landmark, 28.","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2809194"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, Y., Xiao, B., and Zhang, M. (2024). Potential intersections between lncRNA, vascular cognitive impairment, and immunization strategies: Insights and future directions. Vaccines, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12030251"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-018-1991-y","article-title":"Vascular Beh\u00e7et\u2019s syndrome: An update","volume":"14","author":"Emmi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Intern. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"International Team for the Revision of the International Criteria for Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Disease (ITR-ICBD), Davatchi, F., Assaad-Khalil, S., Calamia, K.T., Crook, J.E., Sadeghi-Abdollahi, B., Schirmer, M., Tzellos, T., Zouboulis, C.C., and Akhlagi, M. (2014). The International Criteria for Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Disease (ICBD): A collaborative study of 27 countries on the sensitivity and specificity of the new criteria. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol., 28, 338\u2013347.","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12107"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keg453","article-title":"The Behcet\u2019s disease activity index","volume":"43","author":"Lawton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"S28","article-title":"Behcet\u2019s Syndrome Activity Score (BSAS): A New Disease Activity Assessment Tool. Composed Of Patient-Derived Measures Only, Is Strongly Correlated with the Behcet\u2019s Disease Current Activity Form (BDCAF)","volume":"26","author":"Forbess","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Menon, M.P., and Hua, K.-F. (2020). The long non-coding RNAs: Paramount regulators of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Front. Immunol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.569524"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4165","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S422114","article-title":"Non-coding RNA in microglia activation and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2024.70.1.3","article-title":"Cerium oxide nanoparticles impact on sepsis-induced cerebral injury: Deciphering miRNA\/NF-\u03baB\/TLR signalling pathway","volume":"70","author":"Abdulaal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12321","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-025-03993-4","article-title":"Nanoformulation of valsartan-loaded tablet attenuates L-NAME-induced hypertension: Role of Nrf2\/PPARgamma\/AT1 signaling pathway","volume":"398","author":"Elimam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg\u2019s Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncrna.2023.03.004","article-title":"Telomerase RNA component lncRNA as potential diagnostic biomarker promotes CRC cellular migration and apoptosis evasion via modulation of beta-catenin protein level","volume":"8","author":"Bakr","year":"2023","journal-title":"Non-Coding RNA Res."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2012.1254","article-title":"Salivary lncRNA as a potential marker for oral squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis","volume":"7","author":"Tang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bustin, S.A., Benes, V., Garson, J.A., Hellemans, J., Huggett, J., Kubista, M., Mueller, R., Nolan, T., Pfaffl, M.W., and Shipley, G.L. (2009). The MIQE Guidelines: Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.112797"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2014.221341","article-title":"Circulating microRNA biomarker studies: Pitfalls and potential solutions","volume":"61","author":"Witwer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-024-07291-x","article-title":"New insights into the interplay between MALAT1 and miRNA-155 to unravel potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease","volume":"44","author":"Sayed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.73","article-title":"Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative CT method","volume":"3","author":"Schmittgen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/15\/6720\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T04:19:01Z","timestamp":1785298741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/15\/6720"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27156720"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27156720","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]}}}