{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:43:50Z","timestamp":1785437030819,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education","award":["2020R1A6A1A03044512"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A6A1A03044512"]}]},{"award":["2020R1A6A1A03044512"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A6A1A03044512"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01p262204","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014189","name":"IPET","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RS-2025-02215727"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-02215727"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014189","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Regional Innovation System & Education","award":["2026-RISE-15-115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026-RISE-15-115"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tetranectin (TN), also known as C-type lectin domain family 3 member B (CLEC3B), is a secreted glycoprotein originally identified through its high-affinity interaction with plasminogen. Although initially linked to fibrinolysis, TN is now increasingly recognized as an extracellular regulator associated with matrix remodeling, bone development, tissue repair, and disease-related proteolytic processes. Dysregulated TN expression has been reported in a broad range of pathological conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory disorders, and neurodegenerative states. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of TN with emphasis on its molecular architecture, ligand-binding properties, trimeric organization, and regulatory mechanisms. We further discuss its context-dependent biological functions, with particular attention to how tissue-specific and compartment-specific TN patterns may influence disease progression and clinical interpretation, especially in oncology. In addition, we evaluate the evidence supporting TN as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and consider its emerging therapeutic relevance. Finally, we outline the major challenges that currently limit clinical translation and highlight key directions for future investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27156732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T07:55:41Z","timestamp":1785225341000},"page":"6732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tetranectin: Molecular Mechanisms, Biological Functions and Clinical Implications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Sarfraz","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sana","family":"Iram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amar","family":"Akash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwonyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1905-1452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jihoe","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s13036-022-00292-x","article-title":"Extracellular matrix dynamics: Tracking in biological systems and their implications","volume":"16","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biol. Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1038\/s44341-025-00014-6","article-title":"The role of extracellular matrix viscoelasticity in development and disease","volume":"2","author":"Courbot","year":"2025","journal-title":"npj Biol. Phys. Mech."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4195","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.023820","article-title":"The extracellular matrix at a glance","volume":"123","author":"Frantz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vigetti, D., and Theocharis, A.D. (2019). The Extracellular Matrix-Methods and Protocols, Humana Press.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9133-4"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3788","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.70292","article-title":"Extracellular matrix and proteolysis: Mechanisms driving irreversible changes and shaping cell behavior","volume":"293","author":"Solomonov","year":"2026","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1080\/19336934.2022.2076539","article-title":"Dynamic movement and turnover of extracellular matrices during tissue development and maintenance","volume":"16","author":"Matsubayashi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fly"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jang, J.-H. (2026). Extracellular Matrix in Human Disease and Therapy: From Pathogenic Remodeling to Biomaterial Platforms and Precision Diagnostics. Biomedicines, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines14010247"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a005058","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a005058","article-title":"Extracellular matrix degradation and remodeling in development and disease","volume":"3","author":"Lu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560060715","article-title":"Tetranectin, a trimeric plasminogen-binding C-type lectin","volume":"6","author":"Holtet","year":"1997","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e23512","article-title":"Insight into the function of tetranectin in human diseases: A review and prospects for tetranectin-targeted disease treatment","volume":"10","author":"Iram","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.127.6.1767","article-title":"A potential role for tetranectin in mineralization during osteogenesis","volume":"127","author":"Wewer","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2008.00447.x","article-title":"Impaired cutaneous wound healing in mice lacking tetranectin","volume":"17","author":"Iba","year":"2009","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1998.8962","article-title":"Tetranectin is a novel marker for myogenesis during embryonic development, muscle regeneration, and muscle cell differentiationin vitro","volume":"200","author":"Wewer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-013-0436-y","article-title":"Delayed fracture healing in tetranectin-deficient mice","volume":"31","author":"Iba","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Metab."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(97)00664-9","article-title":"Crystal structure of tetranectin, a trimeric plasminogen-binding protein with an \u03b1-helical coiled coil","volume":"412","author":"Nielsen","year":"1997","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444997016806","article-title":"Structure of the C-type lectin carbohydrate recognition domain of human tetranectin","volume":"54","author":"Kastrup","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol. Crystallogr."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29241","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.44.29241","article-title":"The plasminogen binding site of the C-type lectin tetranectin is located in the carbohydrate recognition domain, and binding is sensitive to both calcium and lysine","volume":"273","author":"Graversen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-8049(94)00520-6","article-title":"Plasma tetranectin and colorectal cancer","volume":"31","author":"Christiansen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-8258(91)90053-8","article-title":"Plasma tetranectin and ovarian neoplasms","volume":"43","author":"Daugaard","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3106","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms11093106","article-title":"Identification of tetranectin as a potential biomarker for metastatic oral cancer","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.3109\/02841869309092443","article-title":"Prognostic value of serum tetranectin in patients with metastatic breast cancer","volume":"32","author":"Nielsen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Oncol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628787","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/628787","article-title":"The application of a three-step proteome analysis for identification of new biomarkers of pancreatic cancer","volume":"2011","author":"Abulaizi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-020-01183-1","article-title":"CLEC3B as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in lung cancer and association with the immune microenvironment","volume":"20","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vulciu, P.A., Pilat, L., Mot, M.-D., Barata, P.I., Mikos, I.D., Ioana, M.R.S., Alexandru, A., Ivan, C.-S., Varga, N.-I., and Mladin, N.C. (2025). Diagnostic and Prognostic Potential of Tetranectin in Heart Failure and Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review. Med. Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci13040206"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1159\/000362998","article-title":"Tetranectin knockout mice develop features of Parkinson disease","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.10.118","article-title":"Tetranectin gene deletion induces Parkinson\u2019s disease by enhancing neuronal apoptosis","volume":"468","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaaz3833","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaz3833","article-title":"Identification of tetranectin-targeting monoclonal antibodies to treat potentially lethal sepsis","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01451013","article-title":"Comparative study of tetranectin levels in serum and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, seronegative spondylarthritis and osteoarthritis","volume":"17","author":"Kamper","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, X.-W., Jiang, S.-S., and Li, X. (2021). CLEC3B as a potential prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front. Mol. Biosci., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2020.614034"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, L., and Guo, L. (2026). Unveiling the Mysteries of CLEC3B: Physiological Roles, Pathological Impacts, and Research Gaps. Cells, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15131160"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(92)80729-Z","article-title":"The gene structure of tetranectin, a plasminogen binding protein","volume":"309","author":"Berglund","year":"1992","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.3109\/00365518909091550","article-title":"Interaction of tetranectin with sulphated polysaccharides and trypan blue","volume":"49","author":"Clemmensen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.1999.166","article-title":"Mass spectrometric characterisation of post-translational modification and genetic variation in human tetranectin","volume":"380","author":"Jaquinod","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3131","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0810318105","article-title":"The core trisaccharide of an N-linked glycoprotein intrinsically accelerates folding and enhances stability","volume":"106","author":"Hanson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5128","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5128","article-title":"Substrate O-glycosylation actively regulates extracellular proteolysis","volume":"33","author":"Madzharova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01886-1","article-title":"Glycosylation: Mechanisms, biological functions and clinical implications","volume":"9","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37390","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M004873200","article-title":"Mutational Analysis of Affinity and Selectivity of Kringle-Tetranectin Interaction: Grafting Novel Kringle Affinity Onto The Tetranectin Lectin Scaffold","volume":"275","author":"Graversen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.2174\/156800909787314002","article-title":"The urokinase plasminogen activator system: A target for anti-cancer therapy","volume":"9","author":"Ulisse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Cancer Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-475X.2003.11402.x","article-title":"Plasminogen activator\/plasmin system: A major player in wound healing?","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1033.2003.03549.x","article-title":"Tetranectin binds hepatocyte growth factor and tissue-type plasminogen activator","volume":"270","author":"Westergaard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1155\/S1110724304307096","article-title":"Tetranectin binds to the Kringle 1\u20134 form of angiostatin and modifies its functional activity","volume":"2004","author":"Mogues","year":"2004","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(89)90440-4","article-title":"Calcium-dependent binding of tetranectin to fibrin","volume":"55","author":"Kluft","year":"1989","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.160","article-title":"Tetranectin targeting by epigallocatechin gallate suppresses colon cancer cell proliferation","volume":"209","author":"Iram","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, S., Padwa, B.L., and Glowacki, J. (2026). Effects of Puberty on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Endocrines, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/endocrines7020017"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6381","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S517595","article-title":"CLEC3B as a prognostic and immunological biomarker in pan-cancer: Multi-omics Profiling and validation in pancreatic cancer and exosomes","volume":"18","author":"Nan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1080\/15384047.2019.1591122","article-title":"Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote colorectal cancer progression by secreting CLEC3B","volume":"20","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5875","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-72394-9","article-title":"Clec3b+ fibroblasts are the primary effectors of portal fibrosis following activation via a KLF4\/periostin axis","volume":"17","author":"Lei","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2003.010058","article-title":"Aberrant tetranectin expression in human breast carcinomas as a predictor of survival","volume":"57","author":"Obrist","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"2023","article-title":"CLEC3B is downregulated and inhibits proliferation in clear cell renal cell carcinoma","volume":"40","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00495012","article-title":"Tetranectin immunoreactivity in normal human tissues: An immunohistochemical study of exocrine epithelia and mesenchyme","volume":"92","author":"Christensen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Histochemistry"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"612","article-title":"Plasma tetranectin in healthy male and female individuals, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay","volume":"110","author":"Jensen","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1986.tb09586.x","article-title":"Purification and characterization of a novel, oligomeric, plasminogen kringle 4 binding protein from human plasma: Tetranectin","volume":"156","author":"Clemmensen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-9499(05)80026-8","article-title":"Stability of tetranectin concentration in blood samples","volume":"8","year":"1994","journal-title":"Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2020.12.011","article-title":"Delayed tendon healing after injury in tetranectin-deficient mice","volume":"27","author":"Hanaka","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akash, A., and Kim, J. (2025). The Anti-Myogenic Role of Tetranectin and Its Inhibition by Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Enhances Myogenesis. Cells, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14151160"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cccn.2005.03.034","article-title":"Tetranectin in cerebrospinal fluid: Biochemical characterisation and evidence of intrathecal synthesis or selective uptake into CSF","volume":"359","author":"Stoevring","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1080\/00365510600863929","article-title":"Tetranectin in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"66","author":"Stoevring","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"350","article-title":"Tetranectin and apolipoprotein A-I in cerebrospinal fluid as potential biomarkers for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"122","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vulciu, P.A., Valea, N.C., Zdremtan, D., Alexandru, C., Varga, N.-I., Donath-Miklos, I., Mot, M.-D., and Puschita, M. (2026). Tetranectin and Paraoxonase-1 as Markers of Heart Failure. Medicina, 62.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina62020284"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3623","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.19438","article-title":"High intratumoral expression of tetranectin associates with poor prognosis of patients with gastric cancer after gastrectomy","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7507","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64558-4","article-title":"Tetranectin, a potential novel diagnostic biomarker of heart failure, is expressed within the myocardium and associates with cardiac fibrosis","volume":"10","author":"McDonald","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1991.tb15761.x","article-title":"A tetranectin-related protein is produced and deposited in extracellular matrix by human embryonal fibroblasts","volume":"195","author":"Clemmensen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15023","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2023.2187228","article-title":"Identification of novel inhibitors of tetranectin\u2013plasminogen interaction to suppress breast cancer invasion: An integrated computational and cell-based investigation","volume":"41","author":"Amin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(199607)179:3<260::AID-PATH586>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Tetranectin and plasmin\/plasminogen are similarly distributed at the invasive front of cutaneous melanoma lesions","volume":"179","author":"Clemmensen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2397-0","article-title":"Plasminogen is a master regulator and a potential drug candidate for the healing of radiation wounds","volume":"11","author":"Fallah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ham-Wasserman lecture: Role of the plasminogen system in fibrin-homeostasis and tissue remodeling","volume":"2001","author":"Collen","year":"2001","journal-title":"ASH Educ. Program Book"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lijnen, H.R., and Collen, D. (2003). Role of the plasminogen and MMP systems in wound healing. Plasminogen: Structure, Activation, and Regulation, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0165-7_11"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(95)00992-I","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-\u03b2 1 downregulates dexamethasone-indunced tetranectin gene expression during the in vitro mineralization of the human osteoblastic cell line SV-HFO","volume":"373","author":"Iba","year":"1995","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"54","article-title":"The plasminogen activator inhibitor system in bone cell function","volume":"313","author":"Martin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3192","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-022-03673-2","article-title":"Exogenous Tetranectin Alleviates pre-formed-fibrils-induced synucleinopathies in SH-SY5Y cells by activating the plasminogen activation system","volume":"47","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2003.01302.x","article-title":"Extracellular role of HMGB1 in inflammation and sepsis","volume":"255","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabb2575","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abb2575","article-title":"Breaking the bond between tetranectin and HMGB1 in sepsis","volume":"12","author":"Paterson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.3MIR1218-497R","article-title":"Location is the key to function: HMGB1 in sepsis and trauma-induced inflammation","volume":"106","author":"Deng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-019-0423-6","article-title":"Downregulation of exosomal CLEC3B in hepatocellular carcinoma promotes metastasis and angiogenesis via AMPK and VEGF signals","volume":"17","author":"Dai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.58397\/ashkmdc.v29i3.803","article-title":"Implications of CLEC3B as a Prognostic Marker in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma","volume":"29","author":"Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Abbasi Shaheed Hosp. Karachi Med. Dent. Coll."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Li, C., Chen, T., Li, W., Zhang, H., Zhang, D., Liu, Y., Han, D., Li, Y., and Li, Z. (2021). Identification and validation of a five-gene signature associated with overall survival in breast cancer patients. Front. Oncol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.660242"},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"471","article-title":"Tetranectin expression in gastric adenocarcinomas","volume":"17","author":"Arvanitis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Histol. Histopathol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-007-0409-4","article-title":"Expression and prognostic significance of Tetranectin in invasive and non-invasive bladder cancer","volume":"450","author":"Brunner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3109\/00016340903530936","article-title":"Serum tetranectin is a significant prognostic marker in ovarian cancer patients","volume":"89","author":"Begum","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-8049(95)00170-N","article-title":"Prognostic value of plasminogen activators and their inhibitors in colorectal cancer","volume":"31","author":"Verspaget","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2328","article-title":"Why don\u2019t we get more cancer? A proposed role of the microenvironment in restraining cancer progression","volume":"17","author":"Bissell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013","article-title":"Hallmarks of cancer: The next generation","volume":"144","author":"Hanahan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2618","article-title":"Microenvironmental regulation of metastasis","volume":"9","author":"Joyce","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2024.107347","article-title":"Extracellular proteolysis in cancer: Proteases, substrates, and mechanisms in tumor progression and metastasis","volume":"300","author":"Radisky","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3470083","article-title":"The heparin-binding site in tetranectin is located in the N-terminal region and binding does not involve the carbohydrate recognition domain","volume":"347","author":"Lorentsen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-025-02164-4","article-title":"Alterations of the microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma in different unfolded protein response activity states","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discov. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1994.tb00008.x","article-title":"Tetranectin expression in human colonic neoplasia","volume":"25","author":"Verspaget","year":"1994","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19880901)62:5<869::AID-CNCR2820620503>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Plasma tetranectin is reduced in cancer and related to metastasia","volume":"62","author":"Jensen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0463.2002.1100906.x","article-title":"Serum tetranectin is an independent prognostic marker in colorectal cancer and weakly correlated with plasma suPAR, plasma PAI-1 and serum CEA","volume":"110","author":"Christensen","year":"2002","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0300183","article-title":"Tissue plasminogen activator as a key effector in neurobiology and neuropathology","volume":"30","author":"Teesalu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"ref_91","first-page":"50","article-title":"62 Tetranectin expression is associated with myocardial fibrosis and may be a useful serum biomarker for indicating early myocardial injury and predisposition to heart failure development","volume":"105","author":"Edgar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17632","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17632","article-title":"Tetranectin as a potential biomarker for stable coronary artery disease","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-023-02277-2","article-title":"Tetranectin as a potential novel prognostic biomarker in anthracycline-related cardiac dysfunction","volume":"38","author":"Kopeva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heart Vessel."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e008108","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.008108","article-title":"Protein biomarkers of cardiovascular disease and mortality in the community","volume":"7","author":"Ho","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44680-3","article-title":"Large scale plasma proteomics identifies novel proteins and protein networks associated with heart failure development","volume":"15","author":"Shah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vulciu, P.A., Pilat, L., Mot, M.-D., Dascau, V., Popa, C.D., Varga, N.-I., and Puschita, M. (2025). Tetranectin and Paraoxonase 1 in Patients with Varying Stages of Heart Failure: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Clin. Pract., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/clinpract15050086"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carvalho, M.S., Cabral, J.M., da Silva, C.L., and Vashishth, D. (2021). Bone matrix non-collagenous proteins in tissue engineering: Creating new bone by mimicking the extracellular matrix. Polymers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13071095"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.10.058","article-title":"Exogenous Tetranectin Protects Against 1-Methyl-4-Phenylpyridine\u2013Induced Neurotoxicity by Inhibiting Apoptosis and Autophagy Through Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase Beta-1","volume":"122","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_99","first-page":"1","article-title":"Human tetranectin: Methodological and clinical studies","volume":"86","year":"1998","journal-title":"APMIS Suppl."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00262321","article-title":"Analysis of ligand-binding to the kringle 4 fragment from human plasminogen","volume":"14","author":"Petros","year":"1987","journal-title":"Eur. Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11670","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b03252","article-title":"In vivo biotransformation of the fusion protein tetranectin-apolipoprotein A1 analyzed by ligand-binding mass spectrometry combined with quantitation by ELISA","volume":"88","author":"Zell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6757","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00395a027","article-title":"Primary structure of tetranectin, a plasminogen kringle 4 binding plasma protein: Homology with asialoglycoprotein receptors and cartilage proteoglycan core protein","volume":"26","author":"Fuhlendorff","year":"1987","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4758","DOI":"10.1021\/pr100456d","article-title":"Differential proteomic analysis distinguishes tissue repair biomarker signatures in wound exudates obtained from normal healing and chronic wounds","volume":"9","author":"Eming","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/15\/6732\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T04:29:08Z","timestamp":1785385748000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/15\/6732"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27156732"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27156732","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]}}}