{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T12:05:39Z","timestamp":1785240339818,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Whey\u2013quercetin-loaded microspheres were synthesized using the solid\/organic phase\/water phase (S\/O\/W) method, whereas nanocapsules were prepared by interfacial polymerization. The resulting systems noted that Q1, Q2, and Q3 were characterized by polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and antioxidant activity assays. Structural and spectroscopic analyses confirmed the successful encapsulation of whey and quercetin within both microsphere and nanocapsule systems. Q2 exhibited the highest encapsulation efficiency (51.79 \u00b1 1.03%) and loading capacity (5.78 \u00b1 0.71%), demonstrating its superior quercetin encapsulation performance. However, measurable antioxidant activity was detected exclusively in the nanocapsule formulations, whereas microspheres showed no detectable activity under the experimental conditions. Although the antioxidant activity of encapsulated quercetin was lower than that of free quercetin, the nanocapsules retained a radical-scavenging capacity, supporting their potential as effective delivery systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27156744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T11:45:26Z","timestamp":1785239126000},"page":"6744","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Whey Protein-Based Micro- and Nanocapsules Loaded with Quercetin: Design and Functional Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Adrian","family":"Harangu\u0219","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physiology, Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1-3 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4991-0032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina Camelia","family":"Chi\u0219","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physiology, Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1-3 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0046-0803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona Valeria","family":"Clichici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physiology, Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1-3 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2208-5132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0218oimi\u021ba","family":"Suciu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physiology, Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1-3 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Balint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Raluca Ripan Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4000-1978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gertrud Alexandra","family":"Paltinean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Raluca Ripan Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3274-8817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioan","family":"Petean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doriana Maria","family":"Popa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alba Iulia County Emergency Hospital, 510077 Alba Iulia, Romania"},{"name":"General Nursing, Department of Pediatrics and Specialized Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, \u201c1 Decembrie 1918\u201d University of Alba Iulia, 5 Gabriel Bethlen Street, 510009 Alba Iulia, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teodora","family":"Mocan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physiology, Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1-3 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Nanomedicine, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 5 Constanta Street, 400158 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maurya, P.K. 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