{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:43:50Z","timestamp":1785437030698,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2025M772263"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025M772263"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2026M792208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026M792208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["2025M772263"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025M772263"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0426zh255","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2026M792208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026M792208"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0426zh255","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82202387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82202387"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["82202387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82202387"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SICM) is a frequent and clinically important complication of sepsis, characterized by acute and often reversible myocardial dysfunction and associated with poor outcomes in critically ill patients. Despite growing recognition of its clinical significance, effective mechanism-based therapies remain unavailable, largely because SICM is highly heterogeneous and driven by a complex interplay of inflammatory activation, endothelial and microcirculatory dysfunction, oxidative stress, mitochondrial injury, calcium-handling abnormalities, metabolic reprogramming, and dynamic cardiomyocyte adaptation. In recent years, increasing attention has been directed toward epigenetic regulation, as it provides a mechanistic framework linking septic stress to sustained transcriptional and post-transcriptional remodeling in the myocardium and its immune microenvironment. Numerous studies have therefore investigated epigenetic mechanisms in SICM, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA-mediated regulation. This review summarizes recent advances in the understanding of epigenetic mechanisms underlying SICM, with emphasis on their roles in inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, immune\u2013cardiac crosstalk, and cardiomyocyte injury. We further discuss the translational relevance of epigenetic remodeling and highlight the emerging therapeutic potential of epigenetically targeted interventions. Collectively, these findings provide important mechanistic insights into SICM and may support the development of biomarker-guided stratification and more precise therapeutic strategies for septic myocardial dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27156767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T15:57:28Z","timestamp":1785254248000},"page":"6767","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epigenetic Mechanisms in Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyopathy: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Targets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7840-4713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanfei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Center\/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xijie","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Center\/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0947-9823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuchang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Center\/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxuan","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2072-0414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Center\/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-018-0208-z","article-title":"Diagnosis of sepsis from a drop of blood by measurement of spontaneous neutrophil motility in a microfluidic assay","volume":"2","author":"Ellett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.10913","article-title":"Effect of an Early Resuscitation Protocol on In-hospital Mortality Among Adults With Sepsis and Hypotension: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"318","author":"Andrews","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.102049","article-title":"Mitophagy coordinates the mitochondrial unfolded protein response to attenuate inflammation-mediated myocardial injury","volume":"45","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-00492-2","article-title":"Pathophysiology of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy","volume":"18","author":"Hollenberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabl6367","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abl6367","article-title":"Membrane repair triggered by cholesterol-dependent cytolysins is activated by mixed lineage kinases and MEK","volume":"8","author":"Ray","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06506-y","article-title":"Surviving sepsis campaign: International guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021","volume":"47","author":"Evans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4683-6","article-title":"Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016","volume":"43","author":"Rhodes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2020.4785","article-title":"Septic serum mediates inflammatory injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells via reactive oxygen species, mitogen activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-\u03baB","volume":"47","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03668-5","article-title":"Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as mechanical circulatory support in adult septic shock: A systematic review and meta-analysis with individual participant data meta-regression analysis","volume":"25","author":"Ling","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/2110-5820-1-46","article-title":"The effect of red blood cell transfusion on tissue oxygenation and microcirculation in severe septic patients","volume":"1","author":"Sadaka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Intensive Care"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01457-y","article-title":"Heart-targeted amelioration of sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction by microenvironment responsive nitric oxide nanogenerators in situ","volume":"20","author":"Ouyang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-020-01277-2","article-title":"Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyopathy: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"22","author":"Sternberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Cardiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3339","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf340","article-title":"Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy","volume":"46","author":"Aissaoui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf980","article-title":"Oestrogen-related receptor \u03b3 in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy: Role of cardiomyocyte subtype conversion","volume":"47","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadj5279","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adj5279","article-title":"Identification of region-specific gene isoforms in the human brain using long-read transcriptome sequencing","volume":"10","author":"Shimada","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pignataro, G., Triunfo, C., Piccioni, A., Racco, S., Fuorlo, M., Forte, E., Franceschi, F., and Candelli, M. (2025). The Epigenetics of Sepsis: How Gene Modulation Shapes Outcomes. Biomedicines, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13081936"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-025-00773-z","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms and functions of protein acetylation in sepsis and sepsis-associated organ dysfunction","volume":"30","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e46","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa120","article-title":"Quantitative comparison of within-sample heterogeneity scores for DNA methylation data","volume":"48","author":"Scherer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29790-8","article-title":"TRMT6\/61A-dependent base methylation of tRNA-derived fragments regulates gene-silencing activity and the unfolded protein response in bladder cancer","volume":"13","author":"Su","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01003-0","article-title":"Role of main RNA modifications in cancer: N6-methyladenosine, 5-methylcytosine, and pseudouridine","volume":"7","author":"Xue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2778","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvab337","article-title":"Interleukin-1\u03b2 suppression dampens inflammatory leucocyte production and uptake in atherosclerosis","volume":"118","author":"Hettwer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.3551","article-title":"Association of Cardiac Infection With SARS-CoV-2 in Confirmed COVID-19 Autopsy Cases","volume":"5","author":"Lindner","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabj5473","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abj5473","article-title":"Dynamic detection and reversal of myocardial ischemia using an artificially intelligent bioelectronic medicine","volume":"8","author":"Ganzer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.10.008","article-title":"Mitochondrial signal transduction","volume":"34","author":"Picard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3238","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI128075","article-title":"Post-sepsis immunosuppression depends on NKT cell regulation of mTOR\/IFN-\u03b3 in NK cells","volume":"130","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190310117","DOI":"10.1177\/03946320221090021","article-title":"Time-serial expression of toll-like receptor 4 signaling during polymicrobial sepsis in rats","volume":"36","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-021-01431-0","article-title":"LncRNA HOTAIR Promotes LPS-Induced Inflammation and Apoptosis of Cardiomyocytes via Lin28-Mediated PDCD4 Stability","volume":"44","author":"Ni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"4","article-title":"Potential roles of vitamin D binding protein in attenuating liver injury in sepsis","volume":"9","author":"Xiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mil. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001531","article-title":"Complement as a Major Inducer of Harmful Events in Infectious Sepsis","volume":"54","author":"Fattahi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2021.12292","article-title":"Protective effect of taurine on sepsis?induced lung injury via inhibiting the p38\/MAPK signaling pathway","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-66967-3","article-title":"The structural basis for the selective antagonism of soluble TNF-alpha by shark variable new antigen receptors","volume":"17","author":"Ubah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.124.325708","article-title":"Lactylation of HADHA Promotes Sepsis-Induced Myocardial Depression","volume":"137","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2506","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvab295","article-title":"Endothelial Poldip2 regulates sepsis-induced lung injury via Rho pathway activation","volume":"118","author":"Dolmatova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102655","article-title":"MiR-125b-5p in adipose derived stem cells exosome alleviates pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells ferroptosis via Keap1\/Nrf2\/GPX4 in sepsis lung injury","volume":"62","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2025.103897","article-title":"GDF15 nanotherapy ameliorates NLRP3-associated redox imbalance and cardiac injury in sepsis","volume":"88","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-67443-8","article-title":"Exercise-induced histone lactylation in monocyte-derived macrophages restores cardiac immune homeostasis and function in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy","volume":"17","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadq5928","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adq5928","article-title":"Antibodies targeting Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus GP38 limit vascular leak and viral spread","volume":"17","author":"Pahmeier","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2403213","article-title":"Sepsis and Septic Shock","volume":"391","author":"Meyer","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01589-1","article-title":"Protection of zero-valent iron nanoparticles against sepsis and septic heart failure","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2024.101421","article-title":"Multifunctional nanoparticles confers both multiple inflammatory mediators scavenging and macrophage polarization for sepsis therapy","volume":"30","author":"Xi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.122.322259","article-title":"Dectin-1 Acts as a Non-Classical Receptor of Ang II to Induce Cardiac Remodeling","volume":"132","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.102046","article-title":"Nanotherapies for sepsis by regulating inflammatory signals and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: New insight for treating COVID-19","volume":"45","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9022","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-64072-z","article-title":"Cardiomyocyte lncRNA Cpat maintains cardiac homeostasis and mitochondria function by targeting citrate synthase acetylation","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa066","article-title":"Pim1 maintains telomere length in mouse cardiomyocytes by inhibiting TGF\u03b2 signalling","volume":"117","author":"Ebeid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8119","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62384-8","article-title":"Cardiomyocyte mitochondrial mono-ADP-ribosylation dictates cardiac tolerance to sepsis by configuring bioenergetic reserve in male mice","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101830","article-title":"The applied implications of epigenetics in anxiety, affective and stress-related disorders\u2014A review and synthesis on psychosocial stress, psychotherapy and prevention","volume":"77","author":"Schiele","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-020-01643-6","article-title":"The application of histone deacetylases inhibitors in glioblastoma","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac012","article-title":"A complex network of interactions governs DNA methylation at telomeric regions","volume":"50","author":"Farrell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-00896-1","article-title":"The DNMT1-PAS1-PH20 axis drives breast cancer growth and metastasis","volume":"7","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e94248","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.94248","article-title":"Inhibition of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) prevents sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy by improving calcium handling and mitochondrial function","volume":"2","author":"Joseph","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H778","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00749.2019","article-title":"PKC\u03b4 causes sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"318","author":"Joseph","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5969","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.111266","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide-induced DNA damage response activates DNA-PKcs to drive actin cytoskeleton disruption and cardiac microvascular dysfunction in endotoxemia","volume":"15","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e04406","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202504406","article-title":"Activation of Spinal Astrocyte \u03b12A Adrenoceptors Protects Against Sepsis-Induced Heart Injury Through Inhibition of GABAergic Neuronal Necroptosis","volume":"12","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2510914123","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2510914123","article-title":"Microvesicle release drives cycles of mitophagy flux disruption and inflammatory amplification in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction","volume":"123","author":"Song","year":"2026","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2019.101215","article-title":"STING-IRF3 contributes to lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac dysfunction, inflammation, apoptosis and pyroptosis by activating NLRP3","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104104","article-title":"Neutrophil Irgm1 ameliorates sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction by promoting Alox15 degradation","volume":"92","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117709","article-title":"DNMT1 knockdown mitigates sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction by preventing TFAM-mediated mitochondrial DNA cytosolic escape and subsequent cGAS-STING to regulate macrophage M2 polarization","volume":"246","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"3814","article-title":"Conducting polymer-stabilized nanozymes alleviate sepsis-induced myocardial injury by inhibiting iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation","volume":"17","author":"Wu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, C., Liu, J., Yin, M., Li, R., Fan, C., Chen, Y., Guo, L., Qi, Z., and Shen, Y. (2026). Deltex E3 ubiquitin ligase 2 prevents sepsis-induced myocardial injury through degrading TfR1 via promoting K27-linked ubiquitination. Cell Death Differ., 1\u201315.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-026-01690-0"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001627","article-title":"Up-regulation of Intracellular Calcium Handling Underlies the Recovery of Endotoxemic Cardiomyopathy in Mice","volume":"126","author":"Morse","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvv008","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 down-regulates sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase expression and leads to left ventricular diastolic dysfunction through binding of NF-\u03baB to promoter response element","volume":"105","author":"Tsai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R47","DOI":"10.1186\/cc6863","article-title":"Early acute kidney injury and sepsis: A multicentre evaluation","volume":"12","author":"Bagshaw","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2026.01.012","article-title":"Exosomes from young healthy human plasma ameliorate sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy by inhibiting ferroptosis via the miR-3130-3p\/LPCAT3 axis","volume":"246","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3648","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17358","article-title":"LncRNA SNHG1 promotes sepsis-induced myocardial injury by inhibiting Bcl-2 expression via DNMT1","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1678-1","article-title":"Metabolic regulation of gene expression by histone lactylation","volume":"574","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09589","article-title":"Suppression of inflammation by a synthetic histone mimic","volume":"468","author":"Nicodeme","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2025.08.041","article-title":"HDAC2 enhances the antimicrobial activity of neutrophils by promoting the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in sepsis","volume":"83","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.05.035","article-title":"A metabolomics pipeline highlights microbial metabolism in bloodstream infections","volume":"187","author":"Mayers","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123183","article-title":"A DNA-based nanorobot for targeting, hitchhiking, and regulating neutrophils to enhance sepsis therapy","volume":"318","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-021-00841-9","article-title":"Lactate promotes macrophage HMGB1 lactylation, acetylation, and exosomal release in polymicrobial sepsis","volume":"29","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-024-01170-w","article-title":"GITR exacerbates lysophosphatidylcholine-induced macrophage pyroptosis in sepsis via posttranslational regulation of NLRP3","volume":"21","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"tkae033","DOI":"10.1093\/burnst\/tkae033","article-title":"BRD3308 suppresses macrophage oxidative stress and pyroptosis via upregulating acetylation of H3K27 in sepsis-induced acute lung injury","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Burns Trauma"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3114","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-02-0759","article-title":"LPS induces CD40 gene expression through the activation of NF-\u03baB and STAT-1\u03b1 in macrophages and microglia","volume":"106","author":"Qin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5056","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI97912","article-title":"Thirty-eight-negative kinase 1 mediates trauma-induced intestinal injury and multi-organ failure","volume":"128","author":"Armacki","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01035-6","article-title":"Identification of heptapeptides targeting a lethal bacterial strain in septic mice through an integrative approach","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-007-0748-2","article-title":"HMGB1 and LPS induce distinct patterns of gene expression and activation in neutrophils from patients with sepsis-induced acute lung injury","volume":"33","author":"Silva","year":"2007","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-007-0691-2","article-title":"High-mobility group box 1 protein plasma concentrations during septic shock","volume":"33","author":"Gibot","year":"2007","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2616","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2024.2372215","article-title":"Extracellular NCOA4 is a mediator of septic death by activating the AGER-NFKB pathway","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.117455","article-title":"Sodium octanoate mediates GPR84-dependent and independent protection against sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction","volume":"180","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1177\/15230864251374227","article-title":"SIRT3-FOXO3a Isoforms Forge Nuclear-Mitochondrial Links to Combat Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyopathy Oxidative Stress in Mice","volume":"43","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.11908","article-title":"MicroRNA-16-5p exacerbates sepsis by upregulating aerobic glycolysis via SIRT3-SDHA axis","volume":"46","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Int."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-020-01231-4","article-title":"Dietary schizophyllan reduces mitochondrial damage by activating SIRT3 in mice","volume":"43","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Pharmacal Res."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2021.120567","article-title":"Biocompatible valproic acid-coupled nanoparticles attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation","volume":"601","author":"Kretzer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"von Knethen, A., and Br\u00fcne, B. (2019). Histone Deacetylation Inhibitors as Therapy Concept in Sepsis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020346"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-025-07962-w","article-title":"FGF15\/FGFR4 signaling suppresses M1 macrophage polarization and multi-organ inflammation in septic mice by inhibiting H3K18 lactylation-driven Irf7 expression through NF2-Hippo activation","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2026.03.016","article-title":"Pharmacological elevation of lactate alleviates sepsis via histone lactylation-induced IL-10 production","volume":"249","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-024-3081-9","article-title":"Upregulation of m6A writer WTAP by histone lactylation promotes inflammatory response via TLR2 in neutrophils","volume":"69","author":"Du","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci. China Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157796","article-title":"Salvianolic acid C protects against sepsis-associated acute kidney injury through promotion of PGC1\u03b1-mediated renal gluconeogenesis","volume":"151","author":"Xu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-024-09951-9","article-title":"The roles of lactate and the interplay with m6A modification in diseases","volume":"40","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70094","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.70094","article-title":"Eupatilin Ameliorates Sepsis-Induced Myocardial Injury by Targeting the KAT5-H3K27la Epigenetic Axis","volume":"52","author":"Du","year":"2026","journal-title":"BioFactors"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, H., Liu, M., Hou, S., Wu, J., Du, Q., Feng, F., Wang, S., Wang, C., and Xu, K. (2026). Jaceosidin Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction by Promoting SIRT2-Mediated Inhibition of Histone H3K18 Lactylation. Pharmaceuticals, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19010097"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00526-X","article-title":"Cytokine-induced nitric oxide production inhibits mitochondrial energy production and impairs contractile function in rat cardiac myocytes","volume":"35","author":"Tatsumi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvab139","article-title":"Extracellular histones are a target in myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"118","author":"Shah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.08.016","article-title":"Histone methyltransferase Ash1l suppresses interleukin-6 production and inflammatory autoimmune diseases by inducing the ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20","volume":"39","author":"Xia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manetti, A.C., Maiese, A., Paolo, M.D., De Matteis, A., La Russa, R., Turillazzi, E., Frati, P., and Fineschi, V. (2020). MicroRNAs and Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22010321"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-015-1201-6","article-title":"SOX6 and PDCD4 enhance cardiomyocyte apoptosis through LPS-induced miR-499 inhibition","volume":"21","author":"Jia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2021.07.005","article-title":"Role of non-coding RNAs as biomarkers of deleterious cardiovascular effects in sepsis","volume":"68","author":"Carbonell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.04.092","article-title":"Inhibition of microRNA-23b prevents polymicrobial sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction by modulating TGIF1 and PTEN","volume":"103","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111524","article-title":"Hyperoside prevents sepsis-associated cardiac dysfunction through regulating cardiomyocyte viability and inflammation via inhibiting miR-21","volume":"138","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1403155","article-title":"Attenuation of Cardiac Dysfunction in Polymicrobial Sepsis by MicroRNA-146a Is Mediated via Targeting of IRAK1 and TRAF6 Expression","volume":"195","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw449","article-title":"MicroRNA-125b Prevents Cardiac Dysfunction in Polymicrobial Sepsis by Targeting TRAF6-Mediated Nuclear Factor \u03baB Activation and p53-Mediated Apoptotic Signaling","volume":"214","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13721","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13721","article-title":"Exosomal miR-223 Contributes to Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Elicited Cardioprotection in Polymicrobial Sepsis","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2016.03.014","article-title":"MiR-21-3p controls sepsis-associated cardiac dysfunction via regulating SORBS2","volume":"94","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e374","DOI":"10.1038\/mtna.2016.80","article-title":"Inhibition of miR-155 Protects Against LPS-induced Cardiac Dysfunction and Apoptosis in Mice","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1007\/s10529-017-2368-4","article-title":"PMicroRNA-124a regulates LPS-induced septic cardiac dysfunction by targeting STX2","volume":"39","author":"Diao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.16769","article-title":"MicroRNA-135a Regulates Apoptosis Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in Rat Cardiomyoblast Cells","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2857","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038361","article-title":"Loss of Super-Enhancer-Regulated circRNA Nfix Induces Cardiac Regeneration After Myocardial Infarction in Adult Mice","volume":"139","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv599","article-title":"MicroRNA profiling unveils hyperglycaemic memory in the diabetic heart","volume":"37","author":"Costantino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq013","article-title":"Circulating microRNA: A novel potential biomarker for early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in humans","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.109.202176","article-title":"MicroRNA-133a protects against myocardial fibrosis and modulates electrical repolarization without affecting hypertrophy in pressure-overloaded adult hearts","volume":"106","author":"Matkovich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.073527","article-title":"MiR-499 in Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Augments Inflammatory Cell Generation and Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction","volume":"153","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024590","article-title":"Exosomal MicroRNA Transfer Into Macrophages Mediates Cellular Postconditioning","volume":"136","author":"Gallet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2602","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv713","article-title":"A circular RNA protects the heart from pathological hypertrophy and heart failure by targeting miR-223","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1007\/s12012-022-09758-2","article-title":"LncRNA MALAT1 Regulates USP22 Expression Through EZH2-Mediated H3K27me3 Modification to Accentuate Sepsis-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction","volume":"22","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-019-01141-8","article-title":"LncRNA RMRP Prevents Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis via the miR-1-5p\/hsp70 Axis in LPS-Induced Sepsis Mice","volume":"43","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-020-01340-8","article-title":"LncRNA H19 Inhibits the Progression of Sepsis-Induced Myocardial Injury via Regulation of the miR-93-5p\/SORBS2 Axis","volume":"44","author":"Shan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.45408","article-title":"Down-regulation of Xist and Mir-7a-5p improves LPS-induced myocardial injury","volume":"17","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1007\/s10528-020-09976-9","article-title":"LncRNA MIAT Promotes Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Injury by Targeting miR-330-5p\/TRAF6\/NF-\u03baB Axis","volume":"58","author":"Xing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem. Genet."},{"key":"ref_119","first-page":"851","article-title":"LncRNA NEAT1 promotes the progression of sepsis-induced myocardial cell injury by sponging miR-144-3p","volume":"24","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02372-2","article-title":"Whole blood transcriptomic investigation identifies long non-coding RNAs as regulators in sepsis","volume":"18","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Njau, F., and Haller, H. (2021). Calcium Dobesilate Modulates PKC\u03b4-NADPH Oxidase- MAPK-NF-\u03baB Signaling Pathway to Reduce CD14, TLR4, and MMP9 Expression during Monocyte-to-Macrophage Differentiation: Potential Therapeutic Implications for Atherosclerosis. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10111798"},{"key":"ref_122","first-page":"3311","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA MALAT1 modulates sepsis-induced cardiac inflammation through the miR-150-5p\/NF-\u03baB axis","volume":"12","author":"Wei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01438-z","article-title":"Soluble CD4 effectively prevents excessive TLR activation of resident macrophages in the onset of sepsis","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-026-04368-4","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of ADAR1-regulated macrophage exosomes for improving myocardial damage in septic cardiomyopathy","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370220908041","article-title":"LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 attenuates sepsis-induced myocardial injury via regulating miR-192-5p\/XIAP axis","volume":"245","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-020-1119-0","article-title":"Hsa_circ_0003159 inhibits gastric cancer progression by regulating miR-223-3p\/NDRG1 axis","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2025.08.032","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA Nron and its functional motif modulate macrophage-mediated inflammatory response","volume":"83","author":"Yang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10908","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.48264","article-title":"Circular RNA circPPM1F modulates M1 macrophage activation and pancreatic islet inflammation in type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-01957-5","article-title":"CircNOX4 activates an inflammatory fibroblast niche to promote tumor growth and metastasis in NSCLC via FAP\/IL-6 axis","volume":"23","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8244","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16738","article-title":"CircTLK1 modulates sepsis-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via enhancing PARP1\/HMGB1 axis-mediated mitochondrial DNA damage by sponging miR-17-5p","volume":"25","author":"Qiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113905","article-title":"SP1-stimulated miR-208a-5p aggravates sepsis-induced myocardial injury via targeting XIAP","volume":"435","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000131","article-title":"Levels of circulating miR-133a are elevated in sepsis and predict mortality in critically ill patients","volume":"42","author":"Tacke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit. Care med."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11807","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-38998-7","article-title":"Identification of autophagy-associated circRNAs in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy of mice","volume":"13","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16222","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.16222","article-title":"Identification of key genes in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy based on integrated bioinformatical analysis and experiments in vitro and in vivo","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106473","article-title":"Losartan attenuates sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy by regulating macrophage polarization via TLR4-mediated NF-\u03baB and MAPK signaling","volume":"185","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15326-3","article-title":"Role of interleukin 6 in myocardial dysfunction of meningococcal septic shock","volume":"363","author":"Pathan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103025","article-title":"Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy: A comprehensive review of pathogenic mechanism and therapeutic strategies","volume":"115","author":"Shangzu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.34133\/research.1013","article-title":"FGF2 Attenuated Inflammation-Mediated Cardiac Damage: A Novel Mechanistic Insight into the AMPK-FUNDC1-Mitophagy","volume":"8","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Research"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-023-00769-5","article-title":"ALDH2 mitigates LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction, inflammation, and apoptosis through the cGAS\/STING pathway","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Med."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/15\/6767\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T04:34:46Z","timestamp":1785386086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/15\/6767"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"references-count":139,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27156767"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27156767","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]}}}