{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T13:02:58Z","timestamp":1789390978243,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24K19396"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24K19396"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["26K11545"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26K11545"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["26K11546"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26K11546"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer (BrCa) accounts for two-thirds of all BrCa cases worldwide. Therefore, ER-targeted endocrine therapy is the standard treatment for this disease. There has been a recent trend towards developing combination therapies using molecularly targeted drugs to improve outcomes. This study aimed to identify therapeutic targets demonstrating efficacy when combined with fulvestrant (a selective ER downregulator\/degrader). We generated microRNA (miRNA) signatures from fulvestrant-treated MCF-7 cells by RNA sequencing. From the signature, we evaluated miR-374b-5p because its expression was elevated by fulvestrant treatment in MCF-7 cells. Also, in expression analysis by subtype of BrCa patients, miR-374b-5p expression was suppressed only in luminal BrCa. Ectopic expression assays revealed that miR-374b-5p attenuated the malignant phenotypes of MCF-7 cells. We searched for genes regulated by miR-374b-5p and discovered that 11 (NEK2, NUF2, HMMR, DEPDC1B, FOXM1, ELOVL6, KIF20A, NCAPH, CENPK, FAM83D, and KIAA0101) are closely involved in BrCa molecular pathogenesis. Among these target genes, we focused on forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), a transcription factor regulating cell cycle progression and division. Notably, combination therapy with fulvestrant and a FOXM1 inhibitor significantly suppressed MCF-7 cell proliferation. From the miRNA signature established in this study, we identified antitumor miR-374b-5p and its target genes and used these findings to explore candidate drugs with potential efficacy when combined with fulvestrant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27156787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T10:13:47Z","timestamp":1785320027000},"page":"6787","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["MicroRNA Signatures of Fulvestrant-Treated Luminal Breast Cancer Cells: Identification of Therapeutic Targets Regulated by miR-374b-5p"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8735-3383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayako","family":"Nagata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7067-5064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuya","family":"Tomioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1221-5239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryutaro","family":"Yasudome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Toda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1885-5775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuya","family":"Tokunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Nagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digestive Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9511-6977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayuko","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Shinden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Nakajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4731-7956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naohiko","family":"Seki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2026, May 18). Breast Cancer. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/breast-cancer."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carvalho, E., Canberk, S., Schmitt, F., and Vale, N. (2025). Molecular Subtypes and Mechanisms of Breast Cancer: Precision Medicine Approaches for Targeted Therapies. Cancers, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17071102"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mayrovitz, H.N. (2022). Subtypes of Breast Cancer. Breast Cancer, Exon Publications.","DOI":"10.36255\/exon-publications-breast-cancer"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"289","article-title":"The Molecular Profile of Luminal B Breast Cancer","volume":"6","author":"Creighton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biologics"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, N., and Lukong, K.E. (2025). Treating Er-Positive Breast Cancer: A Review of the Current Fda-Approved Serms and Serds and Their Mechanisms of Action. Oncol. Rev., 19.","DOI":"10.3389\/or.2025.1564642"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soc.2017.08.005","article-title":"Molecular Subtypes and Local-Regional Control of Breast Cancer","volume":"27","author":"Fragomeni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surg. Oncol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41523-023-00523-4","article-title":"An Emerging Generation of Endocrine Therapies in Breast Cancer: A Clinical Perspective","volume":"9","author":"Patel","year":"2023","journal-title":"npj Breast Cancer"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-070909-182917","article-title":"Mechanisms of Endocrine Resistance in Breast Cancer","volume":"62","author":"Osborne","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2020.03.009","article-title":"Overcoming Endocrine Resistance in Breast Cancer","volume":"37","author":"Hanker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601629","article-title":"Fulvestrant: An Oestrogen Receptor Antagonist with a Novel Mechanism of Action","volume":"90","author":"Osborne","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2014.01.016","article-title":"The Therapeutic Role of Fulvestrant in the Management of Patients with Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer","volume":"23","author":"Ciruelos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11523-018-0587-9","article-title":"Fulvestrant-Based Combination Therapy for Second-Line Treatment of Hormone Receptor-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer","volume":"14","author":"Sammons","year":"2019","journal-title":"Target. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2214131","article-title":"Capivasertib in Hormone Receptor-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer","volume":"388","author":"Turner","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The ENCODE Project Consortium (2012). An Integrated Encyclopedia of DNA Elements in the Human Genome. Nature, 489, 57\u201374.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11247"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali Syeda, Z., Langden, S.S.S., Munkhzul, C., Lee, M., and Song, S.J. (2020). Regulatory Mechanism of Microrna Expression in Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21051723"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.01.002","article-title":"Micrornas: Target Recognition and Regulatory Functions","volume":"136","author":"Bartel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moradi, S., Kamal, A., Es, H.A., Farhadi, F., Ebrahimi, M., Chitsaz, H., Sharifi-Zarchi, A., and Baharvand, H. (2022). Pan-Cancer Analysis of Microrna Expression Profiles Highlights Micrornas Enriched in Normal Body Cells as Effective Suppressors of Multiple Tumor Types: A Study Based on Tcga Database. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0267291"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.12602","article-title":"Rna-Sequence-Based Microrna Expression Signature in Breast Cancer: Tumor-Suppressive Mir-101-5p Regulates Molecular Pathogenesis","volume":"14","author":"Toda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitsueda, R., Toda, H., Shinden, Y., Fukuda, K., Yasudome, R., Kato, M., Kikkawa, N., Ohtsuka, T., Nakajo, A., and Seki, N. (2023). Oncogenic Targets Regulated by Tumor-Suppressive Mir-30c-1-3p and Mir-30c-2-3p: Trip13 Facilitates Cancer Cell Aggressiveness in Breast Cancer. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15164189"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitsueda, R., Nagata, A., Toda, H., Tomioka, Y., Yasudome, R., Kato, M., Shinden, Y., Nakajo, A., and Seki, N. (2024). Identification of Tumor-Suppressive Mir-30a-3p Controlled Genes: Anln as a Therapeutic Target in Breast Cancer. Noncoding RNA, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ncrna10060060"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yasudome, R., Seki, N., Asai, S., Goto, Y., Kita, Y., Hozaka, Y., Wada, M., Tanabe, K., Idichi, T., and Mori, S. (2022). Molecular Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer: Impact of Oncogenic Targets Regulated by Tumor Suppressive Mir-139-3p. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911616"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2016.179","article-title":"Tumour-Suppressive Mirna-26a-5p and Mir-26b-5p Inhibit Cell Aggressiveness by Regulating Plod2 in Bladder Cancer","volume":"115","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/s41523-023-00520-7","article-title":"The Dilemma of Selecting a First Line Cdk4\/6 Inhibitor for Hormone Receptor-Positive\/Her2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer","volume":"9","author":"Grinshpun","year":"2023","journal-title":"npj Breast Cancer"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3959","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.01392","article-title":"Endocrine Treatment and Targeted Therapy for Hormone Receptor-Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer: Asco Guideline Update","volume":"39","author":"Burstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.09.019","article-title":"Esmo Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Staging and Treatment of Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer","volume":"32","author":"Gennari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s40487-017-0046-2","article-title":"A Review of Fulvestrant in Breast Cancer","volume":"5","author":"Nathan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2015.117","article-title":"Esr1 Mutations\u2014A Mechanism for Acquired Endocrine Resistance in Breast Cancer","volume":"12","author":"Jeselsohn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx483","article-title":"Tracking Evolution of Aromatase Inhibitor Resistance with Circulating Tumour DNA Analysis in Metastatic Breast Cancer","volume":"29","author":"Fribbens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-023-01827-6","article-title":"Pi3k\/Akt\/Mtor Signaling Transduction Pathway and Targeted Therapies in Cancer","volume":"22","author":"Glaviano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-020-01394-w","article-title":"Targeting the Pi3k\/Akt\/Mtor Pathway in Hormone-Positive Breast Cancer","volume":"80","author":"Nunnery","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2022.03.018","article-title":"The Emerging Role of Capivasertib in Breast Cancer","volume":"63","author":"Andrikopoulou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2017.6351","article-title":"Potential Role of Mir-139-5p in Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hagihara, Y., Tomioka, Y., Suetsugu, T., Shinmura, M., Misono, S., Goto, Y., Kikkawa, N., Kato, M., Inoue, H., and Mizuno, K. (2023). Identification of Tumor-Suppressive Mir-139-3p-Regulated Genes: Trip13 as a Therapeutic Target in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15235571"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koma, A., Asai, S., Minemura, C., Oshima, S., Kinoshita, T., Kikkawa, N., Koshizuka, K., Moriya, S., Kasamatsu, A., and Hanazawa, T. (2021). Impact of Oncogenic Targets by Tumor-Suppressive Mir-139-5p and Mir-139-3p Regulation in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22189947"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Okada, R., Goto, Y., Yamada, Y., Kato, M., Asai, S., Moriya, S., Ichikawa, T., and Seki, N. (2020). Regulation of Oncogenic Targets by the Tumor-Suppressive Mir-139 Duplex (Mir-139-5p and Mir-139-3p) in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Biomedicines, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8120599"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13626","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13626","article-title":"Nek2 Plays an Essential Role in Porcine Embryonic Development by Maintaining Mitotic Division and DNA Damage Response Via the Wnt\/\u0392-Catenin Signalling Pathway","volume":"57","author":"Jeon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Prolif."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2005.06.017","article-title":"Nek2 Kinase in Chromosome Instability and Cancer","volume":"237","author":"Hayward","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9016","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-88512-0","article-title":"The Nek2 Centrosome-Mitotic Kinase Contributes to the Mesenchymal State, Cell Invasion, and Migration of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells","volume":"11","author":"Marina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31543","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-83362-y","article-title":"Identification and Validation of Kif20a for Predicting Prognosis and Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Breast Cancer","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moon, D.O. (2024). Advancing Cancer Therapy: The Role of Kif20a as a Target for Inhibitor Development and Immunotherapy. Cancers, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16172958"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5150","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25461","article-title":"The Role of Kinesin Family Proteins in Tumorigenesis and Progression: Potential Biomarkers and Molecular Targets for Cancer Therapy","volume":"116","author":"Yu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8035","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-09-1224","article-title":"Overexpression of Kinesins Mediates Docetaxel Resistance in Breast Cancer Cells","volume":"69","author":"De","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, W. (2020). Role of Jak\/Stat3 Signaling in the Regulation of Metastasis, the Transition of Cancer Stem Cells, and Chemoresistance of Cancer by Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9010217"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00791-1","article-title":"The Jak\/Stat Signaling Pathway: From Bench to Clinic","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11905","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102505","article-title":"Kif20a Promotes Cellular Malignant Behavior and Enhances Resistance to Chemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer through Regulation of the Jak\/Stat3 Signaling Pathway","volume":"11","author":"Xiong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, B., Mao, T., Qin, X., Zhang, W., Watanabe, N., and Li, J. (2022). Role of Estrogen Receptor Signaling Pathway-Related Genes in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and Identification of Key Targets Via Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis and Experimental Validation. Front. Oncol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1029998"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2015.152","article-title":"Paclitaxel Targets Foxm1 to Regulate Kif20a in Mitotic Catastrophe and Breast Cancer Paclitaxel Resistance","volume":"35","author":"Khongkow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2023.189015","article-title":"Small-Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Foxm1: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives in Cancer Treatments","volume":"1878","author":"Raghuwanshi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merjaneh, N., Hajjar, M., Lan, Y.W., Kalinichenko, V.V., and Kalin, T.V. (2024). The Promise of Combination Therapies with Foxm1 Inhibitors for Cancer Treatment. Cancers, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16040756"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-21-5271","article-title":"A Narrative Review of Research Progress on Foxm1 in Breast Cancer Carcinogenesis and Therapeutics","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-023-01675-8","article-title":"Targeting the Oncogenic Transcription Factor Foxm1 to Improve Outcomes in All Subtypes of Breast Cancer","volume":"25","author":"Katzenellenbogen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2015.30.4.390","article-title":"Increased Expression of Forkhead Box M1 Is Associated with Aggressive Phenotype and Poor Prognosis in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer","volume":"30","author":"Ahn","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2983","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2010.47","article-title":"Foxm1 Is a Transcriptional Target of Eralpha and Has a Critical Role in Breast Cancer Endocrine Sensitivity and Resistance","volume":"29","author":"Millour","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25167","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M603906200","article-title":"The Forkhead Box M1 Protein Regulates the Transcription of the Estrogen Receptor Alpha in Breast Cancer Cells","volume":"281","author":"Madureira","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-014-0436-4","article-title":"The Forkhead Transcription Factor Foxm1 Promotes Endocrine Resistance and Invasiveness in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer by Expansion of Stem-Like Cancer Cells","volume":"16","author":"Bergamaschi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/15\/6787\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T12:10:54Z","timestamp":1789387854000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/15\/6787"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27156787"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27156787","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]}}}