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J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a major form of dementia with a complex pathogenesis. Emerging evidence indicates a strong interaction between intestinal mucosal barrier integrity and neuroinflammation, which has been proposed as a candidate contributor in VCI progression. This review comprehensively reviews the initiation and amplification of neuroinflammation in chronic cerebral ischemia. It highlights how impairment of the intestinal mucosal barrier, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and translocation of microbial metabolites contribute to central neuroinflammation via circulatory and neural pathways, suggesting a potential self-sustaining pathological cycle within the gut\u2013brain axis. Furthermore, we analyze the underlying molecular mechanisms, critique current limitations, and suggest promising directions for future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27156816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T17:01:46Z","timestamp":1785344506000},"page":"6816","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Gut Mucosal Barrier\u2013Neuroinflammation Axis in Vascular Cognitive Impairment Induced by Chronic Cerebral Ischemia: A Narrative Review of Candidate Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Jiarong","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110847, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanxin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongyang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujun","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiongrong","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mincong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoya","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoman","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"CD013304","article-title":"Antipsychotics for agitation and psychosis in people with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and vascular dementia","volume":"12","author":"Dichter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. 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