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J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endometriosis is a chronic, inflammatory, estrogen-dependent disease that affects approximately 6\u201310% of women of reproductive age. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of 48 immune-related genes in different types of biological samples from patients with histologically confirmed endometriosis compared to a control group. We analyzed (1) patients\u2019 endometrial tissue, ectopic lesions, and menstrual and venous blood, as well as (2) the control group\u2019s endometrial tissue and menstrual and venous blood. After RNA isolation, expression analysis of 48 immune-related genes was performed using NanoString nCounter\u00ae Elements XT technology. All samples were normalized using nSolver Analysis Software, including control normalization and the use of a reference gene, as well as additional approaches for the detection of reliable differential expression. Expressions of the analyzed genes were similar in venous blood between patients and the controls; no significant dysregulation was found in menstrual blood. Most of the analyzed genes were upregulated in patients\u2019 endometria. Three genes attracted our attention due to their overexpression in ectopic lesions. We were able to demonstrate the differential expression of three genes in ectopic lesions, suggesting their association with the development of endometriosis\u2014THBS1, CHGB, and CYR61. The evidently higher expression of THBS1 in the ectopic lesions nominates this molecule as a potential therapeutic target in endometriosis as well.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27156894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T12:57:56Z","timestamp":1785761876000},"page":"6894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Expression Profiling of Immune-Related Genes in Different Samples from Patients with Endometriosis Revealed Upregulation of THBS1, CHGB and CYR61"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Eliana","family":"Mihaylova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8929-8522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dragomira","family":"Nikolova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0360-4680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralitsa","family":"Lechova-Dimitrova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SBALAG \u201cMaichin dom\u201d, 2 Zdrave Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0374-5046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radoslava","family":"Vazharova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3373-9897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elitza","family":"Valerieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Complex \u201cDr. Shterev\u201d, 1330 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2662-3428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadia","family":"Magunska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Complex \u201cDr. Shterev\u201d, 1330 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6277-8550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petia","family":"Andreeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Complex \u201cDr. Shterev\u201d, 1330 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihaela","family":"Milanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivanka","family":"Dimova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745548","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.745548","article-title":"Pathogenesis Based Diagnosis and Treatment of Endometriosis","volume":"12","author":"Koninckx","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. 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