{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T04:44:18Z","timestamp":1786164258708,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work reports the synthesis, characterization and in vitro evaluation of three organometallic triorganotin(IV) complexes bearing a dicarbamido-bis-organosilane benzoate ligand as potential anticancer agents against colorectal cancer cells. The complexes, Sn(IV)-biSi-1, Sn(IV)-biSi-2 and Sn(IV)-biSi-3, differ in the alkyl groups directly bound to the Sn(IV) center (methyl, n-propyl and isopropyl, respectively). Their structures were confirmed by 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR spectroscopy, FTIR and ESI-MS, supporting monodentate carboxylate coordination and a solvent-dependent Sn(IV) coordination environment. Biological assays in HCT116 cells showed that the final bis-organosilane complexes were markedly more active than their aminobenzoate intermediates and, under several conditions, more effective than cisplatin. Sn(IV)-biSi-2 and Sn(IV)-biSi-3 reduced cell viability to approximately 30% at 0.5 \u03bcM after 5 days and to about 11% and 7%, respectively, at 12.5 \u03bcM. In repeated-treatment assays, these complexes maintained antiproliferative activity more efficiently than cisplatin, limiting resistance-like cell recovery. Western blot analysis revealed increased \u03b3-H2AX, p53, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP, indicating DNA damage-associated apoptotic signaling. Overall, these results identify bis-organosilane triorganotin(IV) benzoates, especially Sn(IV)-biSi-2 and Sn(IV)-biSi-3, as promising metal-based anticancer candidates that sustain antiproliferative activity after repeated exposure in colorectal cancer cells and may contribute to strategies aimed at therapy-resistant colorectal tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27157053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T11:43:02Z","timestamp":1786016582000},"page":"7053","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pro-Apoptotic Organometallic Sn(IV) Bis-Organosilane Benzoate Complexes with Sustained Reduction in Cell Viability Under Resistance-like Conditions in Colorectal Cancer Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4071-9159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Galindo-Caballero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 M\u00f3stoles, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n de Tecnolog\u00edas para la Sostenibilidad, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 M\u00f3stoles, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3060-1061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Navas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 M\u00f3stoles, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Bel\u00e9n","family":"Griso-Acevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Translational Research in Maxillofacial Surgery and Head and Neck Cancer, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1609-2099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 M\u00f3stoles, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Sastre-Perona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Translational Research in Maxillofacial Surgery and Head and Neck Cancer, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0198-2443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 M\u00f3stoles, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n de Tecnolog\u00edas para la Sostenibilidad, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 M\u00f3stoles, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9091-8733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael A.","family":"Garc\u00eda-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 M\u00f3stoles, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n de Tecnolog\u00edas para la Sostenibilidad, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 M\u00f3stoles, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.69424","article-title":"Platinum-based drugs for cancer therapy and anti-tumor strategies","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"20140185","article-title":"Third Row Transition Metals for the Treatment of Cancer","volume":"373","author":"Johnstone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Philos. 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