{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T06:15:51Z","timestamp":1788243351076,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":180,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is increasingly recognized as a multisystem disorder associated with persistent metabolic complications extending beyond the acute phase of infection. Accumulating evidence suggests that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may disrupt glucose homeostasis through mechanisms involving pancreatic \u03b2-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hypoxia-related signalling. This review summarizes current evidence regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms linking SARS-CoV-2 infection to impaired insulin secretion and post-COVID metabolic disturbances. Particular emphasis is placed on the regulation of insulin secretion, \u03b2-cell compensation and failure, oxidative stress, inflammatory signalling, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the development of the post-COVID metabolic phenotype. Emerging evidence indicates that persistent metabolic abnormalities after COVID-19 may range from transient dysglycaemia to new-onset diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. The review also discusses clinical implications, biomarkers, therapeutic perspectives, and unresolved questions regarding the reversibility of post-COVID \u03b2-cell dysfunction. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying post-COVID metabolic dysfunction may improve risk stratification, facilitate early intervention, and support development of targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at preserving \u03b2-cell function and long-term metabolic health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27167083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T10:12:01Z","timestamp":1786097521000},"page":"7083","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u03b2-Cell Dysfunction in COVID-19 and Post-COVID Syndrome: Molecular Mechanisms Linking Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Insulin Secretion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7899-313X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Tsvetkova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Endocrinology, Medical University, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, University Hospital Georgi Stranski, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6339-6677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katya","family":"Todorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Endocrinology, Medical University, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, University Hospital Georgi Stranski, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0968-3","article-title":"Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19","volume":"26","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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