{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T10:27:50Z","timestamp":1786357670357,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intensive training induces redox and inflammatory signaling that may facilitate adaptation but can also reflect excessive physiological strain. In this exploratory pilot longitudinal study, we assessed whether 8-iso-prostaglandin F2\u03b1 (8-iso-PGF2\u03b1), a lipid peroxidation marker, and transcripts related to arachidonic acid lipoxygenase pathways change during a 10-week preparatory training period in elite female volleyball players. Twelve professional athletes were sampled at baseline after a training break and after training completion. 8-iso-PGF2\u03b1 was quantified by gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the relative expression of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5), arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (ALOX12), and arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15) genes was measured by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in leukocytes and plasma-derived RNA. Training increased 8-iso-PGF2\u03b1 from 0.06 [0.05\u20130.09] to 0.16 [0.08\u20130.22] ng\/mL (p = 0.03). ALOX5 expression increased in leukocytes (0.80 \u00b1 0.29 vs. 1.00 \u00b1 0.29; p = 0.02) and plasma-derived RNA (0.03 [0.02\u20130.06] vs. 0.06 [0.05\u20130.11]; p = 0.04), whereas no statistically detectable pre-to-post changes were observed for ALOX12 and ALOX15 expression. Given the exploratory design and small sample size, these results should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating. The observed changes suggest that 8-iso-PGF2\u03b1 and ALOX5 are associated with physiological responses to preparatory training and exercise-induced lipid oxidative remodeling; however, their potential utility for monitoring training adaptation requires validation in larger, prospectively designed controlled cohorts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27167104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T09:24:53Z","timestamp":1786353893000},"page":"7104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["8-Iso-Prostaglandin F2\u03b1 and Lipoxygenase Gene Expression as Candidate Molecular Markers of Training Adaptation in Professional Volleyball Players: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1152-7501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krystian","family":"Baran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 35-959 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7565-7184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Podg\u00f3rski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 35-959 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2759-9933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michalina","family":"Grzesik-Pietrasiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 35-959 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9481-7609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Czarny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Culture Studies, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 35-959 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Kr\u00f3l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Culture Studies, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 35-959 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Po\u0142e\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Science Club \u201cMolecule\u201d, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 35-959 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0927-692X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c9lvio R\u00fabio","family":"Gouveia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9758-078X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Cie\u015bla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 35-959 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thirupathi, A., Pinho, R.A., Ugbolue, U.C., He, Y., Meng, Y., and Gu, Y. (2021). Effect of Running Exercise on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers: A Systematic Review. Front. Physiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.610112"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soler-L\u00f3pez, A., Moreno-Villanueva, A., G\u00f3mez-Carmona, C.D., and Pino-Ortega, J. (2024). The Role of Biomarkers in Monitoring Chronic Fatigue Among Male Professional Team Athletes: A Systematic Review. Sensors, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/s24216862"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31828f1ee9","article-title":"Exercise Intensity and Recovery: Biomarkers of Injury, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress","volume":"30","author":"Bessa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genm.2008.07.002","article-title":"Blood Oxidative Stress Biomarkers: Influence of Sex, Exercise Training Status, and Dietary Intake","volume":"5","author":"Bloomer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gend. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lundsgaard, A.M., Fritzen, A.M., and Kiens, B. (2017). Exercise Physiology in Men and Women. Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine, Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-803506-1.00017-6"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.4161\/15592294.2014.982445","article-title":"An Integrative Analysis Reveals Coordinated Reprogramming of the Epigenome and the Transcriptome in Human Skeletal Muscle after Training","volume":"9","author":"Lindholm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-094073","article-title":"Exercise-Associated DNA Methylation Change in Skeletal Muscle and the Importance of Imprinted Genes: A Bioinformatics Meta-Analysis","volume":"49","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12414","article-title":"Exercise Training and DNA Methylation in Humans","volume":"213","author":"Voisin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.03.034","article-title":"ROS Function in Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress","volume":"24","author":"Schieber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Juan, C.A., P\u00e9rez de la Lastra, J.M., Plou, F.J., and P\u00e9rez-Lebe\u00f1a, E. (2021). The Chemistry of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Revisited: Outlining Their Role in Biological Macromolecules (DNA, Lipids and Proteins) and Induced Pathologies. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094642"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00031.2007","article-title":"Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress: Cellular Mechanisms and Impact on Muscle Force Production","volume":"88","author":"Powers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2024.05.001","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Species Promote Endurance Exercise-Induced Adaptations in Skeletal Muscles","volume":"13","author":"Powers","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Sport Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.109643","article-title":"Redox Signaling and Skeletal Muscle Adaptation during Aerobic Exercise","volume":"27","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.04.001","article-title":"Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress: Friend or Foe?","volume":"9","author":"Powers","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sport Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181d85a7f","article-title":"Oxidative Stress Biomarker Monitoring in Elite Women Volleyball Athletes during a 6-Week Training Period","volume":"25","author":"Dopsaj","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.08.072","article-title":"Lipid Peroxidation: Mechanisms, Inhibition, and Biological Effects","volume":"338","author":"Niki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ito, F., Sono, Y., and Ito, T. (2019). Measurement and Clinical Significance of Lipid Peroxidation as a Biomarker of Oxidative Stress: Oxidative Stress in Diabetes, Atherosclerosis, and Chronic Inflammation. Antioxidants, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8030072"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2016.10.021","article-title":"Assessment of Lipid Peroxidation by Measuring Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Relatives in Biological Samples: Analytical and Biological Challenges","volume":"524","author":"Tsikas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2007.1956","article-title":"F2-Isoprostanes in Human Health and Diseases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Implications","volume":"10","author":"Basu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760500539154","article-title":"Plasma 8-Iso-Prostaglandin F2alpha, a Marker of Oxidative Stress, Is Increased in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction","volume":"40","author":"Elesber","year":"2006","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Faria, A.P., Modolo, R., and Moreno, H. (2015). Plasma 8-Isoprostane as a Biomarker and Applications to Cardiovascular Disease. Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-7741-5_31-1"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, N., Zhang, Y., Liu, B., Jia, X., Wang, R., and Lu, Q. (2021). Associations of Plasma 8-Iso-Prostaglandin F2\u03b1levels with Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) and Intra-Abdominal Fat (IAF) Area in Various Glycometabolism Populations. BMC Endocr. Disord., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-021-00879-3"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.5.1222","article-title":"Dietary (n-3) Fatty Acids Reduce Plasma F2-Isoprostanes but Not Prostaglandin F2\u03b1 in Healthy Humans","volume":"136","author":"Vessby","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruiz, N., Segarra, A.B., Lara, L., Ram\u00edrez-S\u00e1nchez, M., and Prieto, I. (2019). Diet and Oxidative Status. The Dietary Pattern and Urinary 8-Isoprostane in Healthy Spanish Women. Antioxidants, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8080271"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3109\/1354750X.2011.635805","article-title":"Exercise as a Model to Study Redox Homeostasis in Blood: The Effect of Protocol and Sampling Point","volume":"17","author":"Nikolaidis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2010.10.002","article-title":"F2-Isoprostane Formation, Measurement and Interpretation: The Role of Exercise","volume":"50","author":"Nikolaidis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhuravlev, A., Gavrilyuk, V., Chen, X., Aksenov, V., Kuhn, H., and Ivanov, I. (2024). Structural and Functional Biology of Mammalian ALOX Isoforms with Particular Emphasis on Enzyme Dimerization and Their Allosteric Properties. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252212058"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.03.022","article-title":"5-Lipoxygenase Pathway and Its Downstream Cysteinyl Leukotrienes as Potential Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"88","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8130","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.707380","article-title":"Crystal Structure of Manganese Lipoxygenase of the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe Oryzae","volume":"291","author":"Wennman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00443-w","article-title":"Metabolism Pathways of Arachidonic Acids: Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2015.08.006","article-title":"The Role of Lipoxygenases in Pathophysiology; New Insights and Future Perspectives","volume":"6","author":"Mashima","year":"2015","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110354","article-title":"The Biological Role of Arachidonic Acid 12-Lipoxygenase (ALOX12) in Various Human Diseases","volume":"129","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2018.11.001","article-title":"Emerging Role of 12\/15-Lipoxygenase (ALOX15) in Human Pathologies","volume":"73","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.004","article-title":"Reinterpreting the Best Biomarker of Oxidative Stress: The 8-Iso-PGF(2\u03b1)\/PGF(2\u03b1) Ratio Distinguishes Chemical from Enzymatic Lipid Peroxidation","volume":"83","author":"Lih","year":"2015","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5866","DOI":"10.1021\/cr200246d","article-title":"Lipoxygenase and Leukotriene Pathways: Biochemistry, Biology, and Roles in Disease","volume":"111","author":"Funk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00971.2016","article-title":"Muscle Damage and Inflammation during Recovery from Exercise","volume":"122","author":"Peake","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"110","article-title":"Emerging Roles of Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators in Immunological and Adaptive Responses to Exercise-Induced Muscle Injury","volume":"22","author":"Markworth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exerc. Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3013","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900144","article-title":"Exercise Promotes Resolution of Acute Inflammation by Catecholamine-Mediated Stimulation of Resolvin D1 Biosynthesis","volume":"203","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1281","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00128.2013","article-title":"Human Inflammatory and Resolving Lipid Mediator Responses to Resistance Exercise and Ibuprofen Treatment","volume":"305","author":"Markworth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-016-0126-y","article-title":"Effects of Dietary Docosahexaenoic, Training and Acute Exercise on Lipid Mediators","volume":"13","author":"Martorell","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104313","article-title":"Acute and Long-Term Exercise Differently Modulate Plasma Levels of Oxylipins, Endocannabinoids, and Their Analogues in Young Sedentary Adults: A Sub-Study and Secondary Analyses from the ACTIBATE Randomized Controlled-Trial","volume":"85","author":"Di","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01836-x","article-title":"Blood-Based Biomarkers for Managing Workload in Athletes: Considerations and Recommendations for Evidence-Based Use of Established Biomarkers","volume":"53","author":"Haller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01866-5","article-title":"Blood-Based Biomarkers for Managing Workload in Athletes: Perspectives for Research on Emerging Biomarkers","volume":"53","author":"Haller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01158-x","article-title":"Blood Biomarker Profiling and Monitoring for High-Performance Physiology and Nutrition: Current Perspectives, Limitations and Recommendations","volume":"49","author":"Pedlar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204066","DOI":"10.1080\/15502783.2023.2204066","article-title":"International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Nutritional Concerns of the Female Athlete","volume":"20","author":"Sims","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-016-0064-x","article-title":"Oxidative Stress in Female Athletes Using Combined Oral Contraceptives","volume":"2","author":"Cauci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sports Med. Open"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-022-04964-w","article-title":"Blood Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Women: Influence of Oral Contraception, Exercise, and N-Acetylcysteine","volume":"122","author":"Quinn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3859","article-title":"Impact of Menstrual Cycle and Oral Contraceptives on Haematological and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Highly Trained Female Athletes","volume":"17","author":"Collomp","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Test. Anal."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0467","article-title":"Coping With the \u201cSmall Sample-Small Relevant Effects\u201d Dilemma in Elite Sport Research","volume":"16","author":"Skorski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hecksteden, A., Forster, S., Egger, F., Buder, F., Kellner, R., and Meyer, T. (2022). Dwarfs on the Shoulders of Giants: Bayesian Analysis With Informative Priors in Elite Sports Research and Decision Making. Front. Sports Act. Living, 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2022.793603"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1080\/24733938.2021.1978106","article-title":"Dealing with Small Samples in Football Research","volume":"6","author":"Hecksteden","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Med. Footb."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lewis, N.A., Newell, J., Burden, R., Howatson, G., and Pedlar, C.R. (2016). Critical Difference and Biological Variation in Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Nutritional Status in Athletes. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149927"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3392","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002404","article-title":"Training Load, Physical Performance, Biochemical Markers, and Psychological Stress During a Short Preparatory Period in Brazilian Elite Male Volleyball Players","volume":"33","author":"Horta","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"345","article-title":"Seasonal Player Wellness and Its Longitudinal Association with Internal Training Load: Study in Elite Volleyball","volume":"59","author":"Clemente","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Podg\u00f3rski, R., Cie\u015bla, M., Podg\u00f3rska, D., Bajorek, W., P\u0142onka, A., Czarny, W., Trybulski, R., and Kr\u00f3l, P. (2022). Plasma microRNA-320a as a Potential Biomarker of Physiological Changes during Training in Professional Volleyball Players. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11010263"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Podg\u00f3rska, D., Cie\u015bla, M., P\u0142onka, A., Bajorek, W., Czarny, W., Kr\u00f3l, P., and Podg\u00f3rski, R. (2024). Changes in Circulating MicroRNA Levels as Potential Indicators of Training Adaptation in Professional Volleyball Players. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25116107"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2014.12.019","article-title":"Protocols for the Measurement of the F2-Isoprostane, 15(S)-8-Iso-Prostaglandin F2\u03b1, in Biological Samples by GC-MS or GC-MS\/MS Coupled with Immunoaffinity Column Chromatography","volume":"1019","author":"Tsikas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.112797","article-title":"The MIQE guidelines: Minimum information for publication of quantitative real-time PCR experiments","volume":"55","author":"Bustin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvaf043","article-title":"MIQE 2.0: Revision of the Minimum Information for Publication of Quantita-tive Real-Time PCR Experiments Guidelines","volume":"71","author":"Bustin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/16\/7104\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T09:27:55Z","timestamp":1786354075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/16\/7104"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27167104"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27167104","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]}}}