{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T11:28:51Z","timestamp":1786447731402,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"2026 Fiscal Forestry and Grassland Special Project (Forestry and Grassland Science and Technology Program) of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Forestry and Grassland Bureau","award":["XJLCKJ-2026-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XJLCKJ-2026-05"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a high-value horticultural crop; however, winter freezing injury significantly limits its introduction and stable production in cold-temperate regions. In this study, annual shoots of 16 major sweet cherry cultivars were collected during the dormancy phase and subjected to a simulated low-temperature gradient. Eight physiological indicators, namely, relative electrolyte conductivity (REC), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, osmoregulatory substances, and antioxidant enzyme activities, were systematically measured along with the poststress recovery growth percentage (RP). The semilethal temperature (LT50) was calculated using a logistic equation, and a multidimensional comprehensive evaluation system for cold tolerance was constructed using the membership function method, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis. The results indicated that low-temperature stress significantly induced membrane lipid peroxidation and osmotic compensation in the shoots. PCA revealed four principal components\u2014osmoregulation potential, cell membrane damage threshold, cold-protective protein synthesis, and membrane stability\u2014with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 79.47%. Correlation analysis revealed no significant correlation between LT50 (reflecting thermodynamic survival capacity) and the recovery growth percentage (reflecting poststress regenerative capacity), suggesting that \u201cpassive endurance\u201d and \u201cactive recovery\u201d in sweet cherries are two relatively independent physiological processes. The comprehensive evaluation model classified the 16 cultivars into four cold-tolerance tiers: High Tolerance (Russia 8, Reid, Pacific Red, and Brooks); Moderate-High Tolerance (Tieton, Jiahong, Sandra Rose, and Rivedel); Moderate-Low Tolerance (Luyu, Rocket, Tamara, Lapins, Frisco, and Taisho-nishiki); and Sensitive (Summit and Kordia). The four-dimensional evaluation model developed in this study provides a scientific basis for cultivar selection in cold regions and offers a theoretical reference for the trade-off of traits in future molecular breeding for cold resistance in cherries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27167142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T10:23:50Z","timestamp":1786357430000},"page":"7142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comprehensive Evaluation of the Physiological Responses and Cold Tolerance of Annual Shoots from Different Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Cultivars Under Low-Temperature Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Dilraba","family":"Muhtar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Forest Fruits, Urumqi 830052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abduxukur","family":"Yakup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences, Urumqi 830063, China"},{"name":"National Improved Variety Base of Economic Forest Tree Species, Jiamu Experimental Station, Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences, Jiamu 831100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenwen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"},{"name":"Southern Xinjiang Gobi Facility Fruit Tree Technology Innovation Center, Hotan 848000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ablimit","family":"Tohti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aksu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Aksu 843000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aksu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Aksu 843000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9532-7262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mansur","family":"Nasir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Research progress in frontier fields of world sweet cherry industry","volume":"163","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Yantai Fruits"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.2174\/138920211794520178","article-title":"Engineering cold stress tolerance in crop plants","volume":"12","author":"Sanghera","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. 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