{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T12:28:17Z","timestamp":1786969697415,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Earmarked Fund for Agriculture Seed Improvement Project of Shandong Province","award":["2025LZGCQ036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025LZGCQ036"]}]},{"name":"Earmarked Fund for Shandong Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System","award":["SDAIT-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SDAIT-14"]}]},{"name":"Yantai Key Lab"},{"name":"High-Performance Computing Platform of Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/034t30j35","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The scallops of the genus Argopecten hold a significant position in the international shellfish aquaculture industry. However, due to their hermaphroditic nature, selfing reproduction has led to an increasingly severe phenomenon of germplasm degradation. The development of interspecific hybridization can effectively address this issue, but the fertility of interspecific hybrid offspring is greatly affected. Backcrossing appears to be a more practical and feasible solution, yet current research in this regard remains extremely scarce. In this study, the F1 generation of bay\u2013Peruvian hybrid scallops (Aip derived from Ai \u2640 \u00d7 Ap \u2642) and Peruvian\u2013bay hybrid scallops (Api derived from Ap \u2640 \u00d7 Ai \u2642) were successfully backcrossed with Peruvian scallops (Argopecten purpuratus, Ap) and bay scallops (Argopecten irradians, Ai) to produce F2 backcrossed population (Aipi derived from Aip \u2640 \u00d7 Ai \u2642; Aipp derived from Aip \u2640 \u00d7 Ap \u2642; Apii derived from Api \u2640 \u00d7 Ai \u2642 and Apip derived from Api \u2640 \u00d7 Ap \u2642). These F2 populations were comprehensively analyzed in terms of heterozygosity, gonadal development and differentiation, fertility, genetic diversity, and offspring identification. The results revealed that the fertilization and hatching rates of the F2 generation were significantly lower than those of the parental generations. However, they exhibited normal development through larval, juvenile, and adult stages, albeit with prolonged larval development periods. Notably, the juvenile and adult stages demonstrated significant hybrid vigor. The F2 generation retained hermaphroditic characteristics but also included individuals with exclusively female gonads. Cloning of Dmrt1 and Foxl2 genes in these scallops showed high similarity with the bay scallop\u2019s corresponding genes, and Dmrt1 is specifically expressed in the testis, while Foxl2 is specifically expressed in the ovary, as is the case in the bay scallop. Eleven pairs of polymorphic loci were selected from developed microsatellite markers for bay scallops, and the analysis revealed that the polymorphism levels in the F2 backcrossed population were higher than those in purebred parental self-crosses. Additionally, the reliability of parental genetic information in the backcrossed population has also been corroborated according to the scallop descent identification experiments. The findings of this study enhance the understanding of Aipi, Aipp, Apii, and Apip, providing a theoretical foundation for the selection and breeding of scallop species with superior traits and addressing inbreeding decline in scallop culture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27167290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T12:01:26Z","timestamp":1786968086000},"page":"7290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deciphering Production Potential and Gonadal Differentiation of the Backcross Hybrids Between Argopecten irradians and A. purpuratus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinjing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China"},{"name":"Yantai Key Laboratory of Scallop Breeding, Yantai 264003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fukai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhao","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China"},{"name":"Yantai Key Laboratory of Scallop Breeding, Yantai 264003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0959-7902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinchu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China"},{"name":"Yantai Key Laboratory of Scallop Breeding, Yantai 264003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinghai","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2239-2917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaoxuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China"},{"name":"Yantai Key Laboratory of Scallop Breeding, Yantai 264003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6931-7394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunde","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China"},{"name":"Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China"},{"name":"Yantai Key Laboratory of Scallop Breeding, Yantai 264003, China"},{"name":"College of Fisheries, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO (2024). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2024: Blue Transformation in Action, Food and Agriculture Organization."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12234","article-title":"From an open-access fishery to a regulated aquaculture business: The case of the most important Latin American bay scallop (Argopecten purpuratus)","volume":"11","author":"Kluger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Aquac."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"38","article-title":"The Introduction of the Japanese scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis (JAY), into China, ITS spat-rearing and experimental cultivation","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"1984","journal-title":"Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"30","article-title":"Introduction Engineering of Bay Scallop Its Comprehensive Effects Strateg Study","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, H., Lu, X., Wang, C., Ning, J., Chen, M., Wang, Y., and Yuan, K. (2022). Potential Roles of PTEN on Longevity in Two Closely Related Argopecten Scallops With Distinct Lifespans. Front. Physiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.872562"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"84","article-title":"Inter-specific hybridization between Argopecten purpuratus and Argopecten irradians irradians","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2010.11.014","article-title":"Introduction of the Peruvian scallop and its hybridization with the bay scallop in China","volume":"310","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"54","article-title":"Advances in the Theory and Technology of Shellfish Hybridization and Hybrid Dominance","volume":"28","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1554\/0014-3820(2001)055[0512:TGORIA]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The genetics of reproductive isolation and the potential for gene exchange between Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis via backcross hybrid males","volume":"55","author":"Noor","year":"2001","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"10492","article-title":"Application of SSR technique in the research of genetic diversity","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Anhui Agric. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"821","article-title":"Progress on the Application of Mitochodrial SSR Molecular Markers in Plants","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Ren, Y. (2020). Genetic Diversity of Schizothorax biddulphi Based on SSR Markers and mtDNA Sequences. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Tarim University]."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2007.08.008","article-title":"Growth and survival of reciprocal crosses between two bay scallops, Argopecten irradians concentricus Say and A. irradians irradians Lamarck","volume":"272","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0981(96)02742-6","article-title":"Larval growth and survival of two catarina scallop (Argopecten circularis, Sowerby, 1835) populations and their reciprocal crosses","volume":"212","author":"Cruz","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1231.2012.27999","article-title":"Interspecific hybridization between two oysters Crassostrea gigas and C. ariakensis","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Fish. China"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2017.02.031","article-title":"Performance evaluation of reciprocal hybrids derived from the two brackish oysters, Crassostrea hongkongensis and Crassostrea sikamea in southern China","volume":"473","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3776","DOI":"10.1111\/are.14340","article-title":"Enhancing lipid nutritional quality of oysters by hybridization between Crassostrea gigas and C. angulata","volume":"50","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquac. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.734946","article-title":"A comparative analysis of the growth, survival and reproduction of Crassostrea hongkongensis, Crassostrea ariakensis, and their diploid and triploid hybrids","volume":"520","author":"Qin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.737489","article-title":"Interspecific hybridization between Patinopecten yessoensis (\u2640) and P. caurinus (\u2642) with heterosis in growth and temperature tolerance","volume":"547","author":"Xing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, L., Huang, X., Mao, J., Wang, C., and Bao, Z. (2013). Genomic Characterization of Interspecific Hybrids between the Scallops Argopecten purpuratus and A. irradians irradians. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062432"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2017.05.045","article-title":"Selection of a new scallop strain, the Bohai Red, from the hybrid between the bay scallop and the Peruvian scallop","volume":"479","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Yan, X., Huo, Z., Zhang, Y., Yang, F., and Zhang, G. (2017). Philippine Clams White Spotted Horse Clam. China Fish., 72\u201374."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3692","DOI":"10.1111\/are.14329","article-title":"Selection of a new scallop strain, QN-2, from the backcross of Peruvian scallop \u00d7 bay scallop F 1 hybrids with bay scallops","volume":"50","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquac. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.735513","article-title":"Selection of a carotenoid-rich scallop strain, QN Orange, from the inter-specific hybrids between the bay scallop and the Peruvian scallop","volume":"528","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2007.04.046","article-title":"Cell type-autonomous and non-autonomous requirements for Dmrt1 in postnatal testis differentiation","volume":"307","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22323","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0905431106","article-title":"The DM domain protein DMRT1 is a dose-sensitive regulator of fetal germ cell proliferation and pluripotency","volume":"106","author":"Krentz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"2033","article-title":"Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of Dmrt1 Gene in Hyriopsis cumingii","volume":"39","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genom. Appl. Biol."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"1277","article-title":"Molecular identification and expression pattern analysis of Dmrt1 in the scallop Chlamys farreri","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Fish. Sci. China"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"541","article-title":"Molecular identification and expression pattern analysis of Dmrt1 in the scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis","volume":"28","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Fish. Sci. China"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.05.133","article-title":"Molecular cloning and gene expression of Foxl2 in the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus","volume":"320","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2006.03.005","article-title":"Foxl2 function in ovarian development","volume":"88","author":"Uhlenhaut","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Metab."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.11.021","article-title":"Somatic Sex Reprogramming of Adult Ovaries to Testes by FOXL2 Ablation","volume":"139","author":"Uhlenhaut","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/2042-6410-1-3","article-title":"Expression and localization of forkhead transcriptional factor 2 (Foxl2) in the gonads of protogynous wrasse, Halichoeres trimaculatus","volume":"1","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Sex Differ."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.12.039","article-title":"FOXL2 Is a Female Sex-Determining Gene in the Goat","volume":"24","author":"Boulanger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s10528-008-9207-1","article-title":"Isolation and Characterization of Testis-Specific DMRT1 in the Tropical Abalone (Haliotis asinina)","volume":"47","author":"Klinbunga","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Genet."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2009.05.011","article-title":"Molecular cloning and gene expression of Cg-Foxl2 during the development and the adult gametogenetic cycle in the oyster Crassostrea gigas","volume":"154","author":"Naimi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part B Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s00427-012-0410-z","article-title":"Sexually dimorphic expression of foxl2 during gametogenesis in scallop Chlamys farreri, conserved with vertebrates","volume":"222","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev. Genes Evol."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"1068","article-title":"Research progress of DMRT genes in hydrobiontes","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Hydrobiol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"127","article-title":"Necessity of foxl2 in the oogenesis of the scallop Chlamys farreri","volume":"42","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Gao, Y., Huang, B., Hu, P., Liu, X., and Liu, B. (2020). Isolation, characterization and expression analysis of a sex-related gene dmrt1 in Takifugu obscures. Trans. Oceanol. Limnol., 99\u2013110."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201540667","article-title":"Plasticity of gene-regulatory networks controlling sex determination: Of masters, slaves, usual suspects, newcomers, and usurpators","volume":"16","author":"Herpin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Embo Rep."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, R., Zhang, L., Li, W., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, M., Zhao, L., Hu, X., Wang, S., and Bao, Z. (2018). FOXL2 and DMRT1L Are Yin and Yang Genes for Determining Timing of Sex Differentiation in the Bivalve Mollusk Patinopecten yessoensis. Front. Physiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01166"},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"194","article-title":"Review: Molecular Mechanism of Sex Differentiation in Major Economic Bivalves","volume":"41","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. Fish. Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2023.110831","article-title":"Early gonadal differentiation is associated with the antagonistic action of Foxl2 and Dmrt1l in the Pacific oyster","volume":"265","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part B Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"321","article-title":"Genetic structure analysis of parents and F1 generation groups of Macrobrachium nipponense from Taihu Lake and Poyang Lake","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Shanghai Ocean Univ."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"1397","article-title":"SSR Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Argopecten irradians concentricus and Zhongkehong Argopecten irradians","volume":"37","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genom. Appl. Biol."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"32","article-title":"Segregation of ISSR markers in hybrid larvae of scallop Chlamys farreri \u00d7 Patinopecten yessoensis","volume":"28","author":"He","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mar. Fish. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"5","article-title":"Animal mitochondrial DNA in the study of evolutionary genetics","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull. Biol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1134\/S1022795408070065","article-title":"Polymorphism of the mitochondrial DNA control region in eight sturgeon species and development of a system for DNA-based species identification","volume":"44","author":"Mugue","year":"2008","journal-title":"Russ. J. Genet."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.4236\/abb.2010.14037","article-title":"Molecular markers and their applications in fisheries and aquaculture","volume":"1","author":"Tanya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Biosci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40003-013-0090-6","article-title":"Molecular Tools for Sustainable Management of Aquatic Germplasm Resources of India","volume":"3","author":"Ayyappan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Agric. Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2010.09.005","article-title":"STR sequence analysis for characterizing normal, variant, and null alleles","volume":"5","author":"Kline","year":"2011","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int. Genet."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2011.03.037","article-title":"Molecular authentication of Panax ginseng and ginseng products using robust SNP markers in ribosomal external transcribed spacer region","volume":"55","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"563","article-title":"Methods for Maternal Parentage Analyses in Hybrids between Bay Scallop and Peruvian Scallop","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fish. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2021.110638","article-title":"Identification and functional analysis of a sex-biased transcriptional factor Foxl2 in the bay scallop Argopecten irradians irradians","volume":"256","author":"Ning","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part B Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"71","article-title":"An improvement of the 2\u02c6(\u2013delta delta CT) method for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction data analysis","volume":"3","author":"Rao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biostat. Bioinform. Biomath."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-2906.2005.01100.x","article-title":"Microsatellite markers derived from bay scallop Argopecten irradians expressed sequence tags","volume":"71","author":"Zhan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fish. Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10126-011-9383-6","article-title":"Development and Linkage Analysis of 104 New Microsatellite Markers for Bay Scallop (Argopecten irradians)","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mar. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1007\/s00343-023-2374-4","article-title":"Production traits and fertility of reciprocal hybrids between Argopecten irradians irradians and A. i. concentricus","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Oceanol. Limnol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/16\/7290\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T12:05:22Z","timestamp":1786968322000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/16\/7290"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27167290"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27167290","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]]}}}