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J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Periodontitis (PD), the second most prevalent oral disease, contributes to systemic health issues and results from a complex interaction between microbial dysbiosis and host immune responses, strongly shaped by genetic background. This pilot case\u2013control study evaluated associations between five inflammation-related variants (IL1A rs1800587, IL1B rs1143634, IL1B rs16944, IL1RN rs4251961, TNFA rs1800629) and PD susceptibility in Portuguese postpartum women. Eighty-eight women (33 PD patients and 55 controls) were genotyped using iPLEX Gold technology. Associations were tested using logistic regression models, with multiple-testing correction applied to adjust significance thresholds. TNFA rs1800629 was associated with PD in the collapsed model (GA+AA vs. GG; OR = 3.3, p &lt; 0.05). IL1RN rs4251961 showed strong associations across all models. In the codominant model, heterozygotes had increased PD odds (OR = 3.52, adjusted p &lt; 0.05), while CC homozygotes showed 8-fold odds (OR = 8.1, adjusted p &lt; 0.05). The collapsed model was also significant (p &lt; 0.05). The remaining variants were not associated with PD. IL1RN rs4251961 may represent a novel genetic marker for PD, with clinical relevance given its inflammatory role and therapeutic use of recombinant IL-1RA in chronic inflammatory diseases. This first report linking IL1RN rs4251961 to PD supports validation in larger European cohorts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27167310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T12:01:26Z","timestamp":1786968086000},"page":"7310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist (IL1RN) rs4251961 with Periodontitis Risk in Portuguese Postpartum Women: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Joana","family":"Couceiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"},{"name":"Forensic and Psychology Sciences Laboratory Egas Moniz, Campus Universit\u00e1rio Quinta da Granja, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5059-2487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Fam\u00edlia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"},{"name":"Forensic and Psychology Sciences Laboratory Egas Moniz, Campus Universit\u00e1rio Quinta da Granja, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8558-6754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0167-4077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Jo\u00e3o","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5255-7095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro V.","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2054-4438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra R.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5188-0453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Quintas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"},{"name":"Forensic and Psychology Sciences Laboratory Egas Moniz, Campus Universit\u00e1rio Quinta da Granja, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022). 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