{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T14:32:04Z","timestamp":1787149924202,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding","award":["SKLTCBYWF202502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLTCBYWF202502"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding","award":["NKLTCBCXTD37"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NKLTCBCXTD37"]}]},{"name":"International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of Hainan Province","award":["GHYF2024019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GHYF2024019"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFD2200700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD2200700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System","award":["CARS-14-2-31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-14-2-31"]}]},{"award":["CARS-14-2-31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-14-2-31"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03p5eky76","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund","award":["1630152024006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1630152024006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a quintessential tropical oilseed crop, whose distribution and yield are significantly constrained by low-temperature stress. This study conducted physiological and proteomic analyses to investigate the early response mechanisms of one-year-old thin-shelled oil palm seedlings exposed to low temperatures of 8 \u00b0C for durations of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 h. The results indicated that low-temperature treatment inhibited chlorophyll accumulation, reduced photosynthetic efficiency, and increased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and soluble sugars. Concurrently, the activities of antioxidant enzymes exhibited a transient increase, suggesting an imbalance in the antioxidant defense system during the later stages of stress. Proteomics results indicate that the core pathways involved are fatty acid degradation and the regulatory pathways for starch and sucrose metabolism. Within these pathways, key proteins such as ACSL (long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase), paaF (enoyl-CoA hydratase), HADH (3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase), and HADHA (enoyl-CoA hydratase\/long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase) are identified among 13 differential accumulation protein (DAPs). It is hypothesized that these key proteins work in concert to regulate osmosis, scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), stabilize membranes, and supply energy. Through physiological and proteomic analyses, this study identified physiological indicators, key proteins, and regulatory pathways associated with cold tolerance in oil palm, thus providing a theoretical basis for breeding low-temperature-tolerant oil palm varieties. The findings contribute to the development of low-temperature-tolerant oil palm cultivars.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27167418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T14:07:34Z","timestamp":1787148454000},"page":"7418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Analysis of the Early Responses to Low-Temperature Stress in Oil Palm Using Integrative Physiology and Proteomics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China"},{"name":"Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang 571339, China"},{"name":"College of Tropical Crops, Department of Forestry, Yunnan Agricultural University, Pu\u2019er 665000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqiao","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China"},{"name":"Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang 571339, China"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4333-3369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerome Jeyakumar","family":"John Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China"},{"name":"Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang 571339, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuanghong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Tropical Crops, Department of Forestry, Yunnan Agricultural University, Pu\u2019er 665000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China"},{"name":"Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang 571339, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China"},{"name":"Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang 571339, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengxu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China"},{"name":"Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang 571339, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Rao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxing","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China"},{"name":"Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang 571339, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The future of oil palm as a major global crop: Opportunities and challenges","volume":"26","author":"Murphy","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Oil Palm Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eja.2016.11.002","article-title":"Yield gaps in oil palm: A quantitative review of contributing factors","volume":"83","author":"Woittiez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Agron."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Cao, H., Zhou, L., and Lei, X. (2021). You Zong Kang Han Yan Jiu [Oil Palm Cold Resistance Research], China Agricultural Science and Technology Press."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.14899","article-title":"Factors affecting freezing tolerance: A comparative transcriptomics study between field and artificial cold acclimations in overwintering evergreens","volume":"103","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2024.01.045","article-title":"Structural changes in cell wall pectic polymers contribute to freezing tolerance induced by cold acclimation in plants","volume":"34","author":"Takahashi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-111523-102226","article-title":"Regulatory Networks Underlying Plant Responses and Adaptation to Cold Stress","volume":"58","author":"Ding","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18345","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c07005","article-title":"Integrated Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analyses Provide Insights into Qingke in Response to Cold Stress","volume":"71","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.16279","article-title":"CsMYBL2 homologs modulate the light and temperature stress-regulated anthocyanin and catechins biosynthesis in tea plants (Camellia sinensis)","volume":"115","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Fu, X., Zhang, S., Chen, G., Li, S., and Shangguan, T. (2022). Evolutionary and Regulatory Pattern Analysis of Soybean Ca2+ ATPases for Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Front. Plant Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.898256"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"599","article-title":"Correlation Between Stomatal Characteristics and Cold Resistance of Brassica napus L.","volume":"56","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Agric. Sin."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.54.072402.115741","article-title":"Photosynthesis of overwintering evergreen plants","volume":"54","author":"Huner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15976","article-title":"Extreme heat increases stomatal conductance and drought-induced mortality risk in vulnerable plant species","volume":"28","author":"Marchin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, X., An, B., Cao, D., Xu, R., Wang, S., and Zhang, Z. (2020). Improving Photosynthetic Capacity, Alleviating Photosynthetic Inhibition and Oxidative Stress with Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide in Blueberry Seedlings. Front. Plant Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.00108"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2018.01.003","article-title":"Cold-regulated protein (SlCOR413IM1) confers chilling stress tolerance in tomato plants","volume":"124","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2024.109214","article-title":"Exogenous glucose irrigation alleviates cold stress by regulating soluble sugars, ABA and photosynthesis in melon seedlings","volume":"217","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28612-1","article-title":"CPEB1 directs muscle stem cell activation by reprogramming the translational landscape","volume":"13","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.108.129999","article-title":"Novel proteins, putative membrane transporters, and an integrated metabolic network are revealed by quantitative proteomic analysis of Arabidopsis cell culture peroxisomes","volume":"148","author":"Eubel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, H., Xin, W., Wang, Y., Zhang, D., Wang, J., and Zheng, H. (2022). An integrated analysis of the rice transcriptome and lipidome reveals lipid metabolism plays a central role in rice cold tolerance. BMC Plant Biol., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-022-03468-1"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.133361","article-title":"Indication that starch and sucrose are biomarkers for oil yield in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)","volume":"393","author":"Apriyanto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., Yang, Y., Iqbal, A., Qadri, R., Shi, P., Wang, Y., Wu, Y., Fan, H., and Wu, G. (2019). Correlation analysis of cold-related gene expression with physiological and biochemical indicators under cold stress in oil palm. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225768"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"326","article-title":"The effect of low temperature stress on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics in oil palm seedlings","volume":"30","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin. J. Trop. Crops"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"316","article-title":"Physiological and biochemical respond to low temperature of different oil palm germplasm","volume":"32","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Yunnan Agric. Univ. (Nat. Sci.)"},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Yang, H.G. (2007). Effect of Low Temperature Stress on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Oil Palm Seedlings. [Master\u2019s Thesis, South China University of Tropical Agriculture]."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, Y., John, M.J., Liu, X., Li, X., Hou, M., Zhang, R., Xu, W., Li, W., and Cao, H. (2025). Unraveling the response of secondary metabolites to cold tolerance in oil palm by integration of physiology and metabolomic analyses. BMC Plant Biol., 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-025-06292-5"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao, Y., Zhou, L., Xia, W., Mason, A.S., Yang, Y., Ma, Z., and Peng, M. (2014). Exploiting transcriptome data for the development and characterization of gene-based SSR markers related to cold tolerance in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). BMC Plant Biol., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-014-0384-2"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, M., Gan, L., Zhang, J., Shen, Y., Qian, J., Han, M., Zhang, C., Fan, J., Sun, S., and Yan, X. (2021). A Regulatory Network of Heat Shock Modules-Photosynthesis-Redox Systems in Response to Cold Stress Across a Latitudinal Gradient in Bermudagrass. Front. Plant Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.751901"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-3640-4","article-title":"How Kentucky bluegrass tolerate stress caused by sodium chloride used for road de-icing?","volume":"26","author":"Mastalerczuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.13130","article-title":"PeSTZ1, a C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factor from Populus euphratica, enhances freezing tolerance through modulation of ROS scavenging by directly regulating PeAPX2","volume":"17","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teng, K., Yue, Y., Zhang, H., Li, H., Xu, L., Han, C., Fan, X., and Wu, J. (2021). Functional Characterization of the Pheophytinase Gene, ZjPPH, from Zoysia japonica in Regulating Chlorophyll Degradation and Photosynthesis. Front. Plant Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.786570"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2019.01.031","article-title":"Chlorophyll content estimation in an open-canopy conifer forest with Sentinel-2A and hyperspectral imagery in the context of forest decline","volume":"223","author":"Hornero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/s41438-021-00530-1","article-title":"The AaCBF4-AaBAM3.1 module enhances freezing tolerance of kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta)","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hortic. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.13464","article-title":"The miR156\/SPL module regulates apple salt stress tolerance by activating MdWRKY100 expression","volume":"19","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19250","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-55889-y","article-title":"Morphological, physiochemical and antioxidant responses of Maclura pomifera to drought stress","volume":"9","author":"Khaleghi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.00726","article-title":"VvBAP1 Is Involved in Cold Tolerance in Vitis vinifera L.","volume":"19","author":"Hou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, J., Chen, H., Yang, Z., Sun, S., Luo, Q., Xie, J., and Tan, J. (2022). Physiological and molecular mechanisms of the response of roots of Pinus massoniana Lamb. to low-temperature stress. Front. Plant Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.954324"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8735","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27032-w","article-title":"28-homobrassinolide regulates antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression in response to salt- and temperature-induced oxidative stress in Brassica juncea","volume":"8","author":"Kaur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, C., Bian, C., Liu, W., Sun, Z., Xi, X., Guo, D., Liu, X., Tian, Y., Wang, C., and Zheng, X. (2022). Strigolactone alleviates the salinity-alkalinity stress of Malus hupehensis seedlings. Front. Plant Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.901782"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.114.255794","article-title":"Photoprotection conferred by changes in photosynthetic protein levels and organization during dehydration of a homoiochlorophyllous resurrection plant","volume":"167","author":"Charuvi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiad535","article-title":"NTRC and thioredoxins m1\/m2 underpin the light acclimation of plants on proteome and metabolome levels","volume":"194","author":"Dziubek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, Y., Zeng, X., Wu, J., Zhang, F., Li, C., Jiang, J., Wang, Y., and Sun, W. (2018). iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteome Revealed Metabolic Changes in Winter Turnip Rape (Brassica rapa L.) under Cold Stress. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19113346"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, M., Pan, Z., Cui, K., Zheng, J., Luo, X., Chen, Y., Yang, T., Wang, H., Li, X., and Zhou, Y. (2022). RNA sequencing and weighted gene co-expression network analysis uncover the hub genes controlling cold tolerance in Helictotrichon virescens seedlings. Front. Plant Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.938859"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saand, M.A., Li, J., Wu, Y., Zhou, L., Cao, H., and Yang, Y. (2022). Integrative Omics Analysis of Three Oil Palm Varieties Reveals (Tanzania \u00d7 Ekona) TE as a Cold-Resistant Variety in Response to Low-Temperature Stress. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232314926"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, L., Wang, L., Wang, H., Sun, R., You, L., Zheng, Y., Yuan, Y., and Li, D. (2018). Identification and characterization of a plastidial \u03c9-3 fatty acid desaturase EgFAD8 from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) and its promoter response to light and low temperature. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0196693"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2010.11.013","article-title":"The octadecanoid signaling pathway participates in the chilling-induced transcription of \u03c9-3 fatty acid desaturases in Arabidopsis","volume":"49","author":"Shi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1093\/mp\/ssn063","article-title":"Disruption of Arabidopsis CHY1 reveals an important role of metabolic status in plant cold stress signaling","volume":"2","author":"Dong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2157","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.14336","article-title":"OsKASI-2 is required for the regulation of unsaturation levels of membrane lipids and chilling tolerance in rice","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.70191","article-title":"Jasmonate pathway regulates sphingolipid desaturation during cold stress","volume":"247","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-008-0003-3","article-title":"Acyl-CoA synthetases: Fatty acid uptake and metabolic channeling","volume":"326","author":"Digel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"John, M.J., Song, Y., Hou, M., Zhou, L., Liu, X., Li, X., Fu, D., Li, Q., Cao, H., and Li, R. (2024). Multi-Omics Approaches in Oil Palm Research: A Comprehensive Review of Metabolomics, Proteomics, and Transcriptomics Based on Low-Temperature Stress. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25147695"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, L., Ullah, F., Zou, J., and Zeng, X. (2025). Molecular and Physiological Responses of Plants that Enhance Cold Tolerance. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26031157"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, L., Meng, Y., Bai, Y., Yu, H., Qian, Y., Zhang, D., and Zhou, Y. (2023). Starch and Sucrose Metabolism and Plant Hormone Signaling Pathways Play Crucial Roles in Aquilegia Salt Stress Adaption. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043948"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X., Wang, C., Cheng, J., Zhang, J., da Silva, J., Liu, X., Duan, X., Li, T., and Sun, H. (2014). Transcriptome analysis of carbohydrate metabolism during bulblet formation and development in Lilium davidii var. unicolor. BMC Plant Biol., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-014-0358-4"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4082","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.14656","article-title":"Vacuolar sucrose cleavage prevents limitation of cytosolic carbohydrate metabolism and stabilizes photosynthesis under abiotic stress","volume":"285","author":"Weiszmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2006.01543.x","article-title":"Carbon partitioning and export in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana with altered capacity for sucrose synthesis grown at low temperature: A role for metabolite transporters","volume":"29","author":"Lundmark","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.14483","article-title":"Limitation of sucrose biosynthesis shapes carbon partitioning during plant cold acclimation","volume":"46","author":"Kitashova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2011.05.005","article-title":"Carbon partitioning and the impact of starch deficiency on the initial response of Arabidopsis to chilling temperatures","volume":"181","author":"Sicher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui, P., Li, Y., Cui, C., Huo, Y., Lu, G., and Yang, H. (2020). Proteomic and metabolic profile analysis of low-temperature storage responses in Ipomoea batata Lam. tuberous roots. BMC Plant Biol., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-020-02642-7"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.112.097188","article-title":"Metabolism and growth in Arabidopsis depend on the daytime temperature but are temperature-compensated against cool nights","volume":"24","author":"Pyl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, J., Xu, S., Liu, X., Li, T., Zhang, D., Teng, N., and Wu, Z. (2022). Starch Degradation and Sucrose Accumulation of Lily Bulbs after Cold Storage. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23084366"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4333","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms15034333","article-title":"Comparative proteomic analysis of differential responses of Pinus massoniana and Taxus wallichiana var. mairei to simulated acid rain","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, R., Sun, S., and Chen, Y. (2022). Comparative Proteomic Analysis by Isobaric Tags for the Relative and Absolute Quantification Reveals the Responses of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Roots to Different Soil Types. Front. Plant Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.847388"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yue, J., Wang, Y., and Jiao, J. (2021). Comparative transcriptomic and metabolic profiling provides insight into the mechanism by which the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA enhances salt stress sensitivity in wheat seedlings. BMC Plant Biol., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-021-03351-5"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, D., Zheng, H., and Sun, B. (2022). Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation and Sucrose Metabolism Supplemented by Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis in Response to Water Stress in Rice with Overlapping Growth Stages. Front. Plant Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.864605"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, P., Lu, C., and Srivastava, S. (2021). Gene Coexpression Network Analysis Indicates that Hub Genes Related to Photosynthesis and Starch Synthesis Modulate Salt Stress Tolerance in Ulmus pumila. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094410"},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"1","article-title":"Total protein extraction with TCA-acetone","volume":"355","author":"Damerval","year":"2007","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding","volume":"72","author":"Bradford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/16\/7418\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T14:08:22Z","timestamp":1787148502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/16\/7418"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27167418"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27167418","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]}}}