{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T04:26:20Z","timestamp":1787286380760,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Anhui Provincial Department of Education","award":["2025AHGXZK31493"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025AHGXZK31493"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Department of Education","award":["2025AHGXZK31154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025AHGXZK31154"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Department of Education","award":["2025AHGXZK30364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025AHGXZK30364"]}]},{"award":["2025AHGXZK31493"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025AHGXZK31493"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/012m7k033","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2025AHGXZK31154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025AHGXZK31154"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/012m7k033","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2025AHGXZK30364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025AHGXZK30364"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/012m7k033","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018747","name":"Chizhou University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CZ2024YJRC11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CZ2024YJRC11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018747","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["CZ2024YJRC11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CZ2024YJRC11"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/007cx7r28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is an important oil crop, but seedling growth is often restricted by low temperatures in late autumn and winter. Selenium (Se) may modulate plant stress responses, but its dose-dependent effects and associated molecular responses in rapeseed under cold stress remain unclear. Seedlings were exposed to 4 \u00b0C for 3 d and received foliar applications of 10, 20, or 40 mg L\u22121 Na2SeO3. Based on physiological responses, the 20 mg L\u22121 treatment was selected for integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses alongside the normal-temperature control and the cold-stress group without Se. Cold stress reduced whole-seedling fresh weight by approximately 40% and increased O2\u2212 production, H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activities. Relative to the cold-stress group without Se, the 20 mg L\u22121 treatment showed partial restoration of fresh weight and lower oxidative-stress indicators and antioxidant enzyme activities. Integrated analyses highlighted cysteine and methionine metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Treatment-associated changes involved sulfur-related and methyl-cycle genes, a metabolite feature tentatively assigned to 3-sulfopyruvic acid, and a feature putatively annotated as coniferaldehyde. These findings provide a multi-omics basis for understanding rapeseed responses to foliar-applied selenite during short-term cold stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27167424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T14:07:34Z","timestamp":1787148454000},"page":"7424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Molecular Responses Associated with Foliar Selenium Treatment Under Cold Stress in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Seedlings"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Long","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Planning, Chizhou University, Chizhou 247000, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Agricultural Ecological Resources and Environment, Chizhou University, Chizhou 247000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Planning, Chizhou University, Chizhou 247000, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Agricultural Ecological Resources and Environment, Chizhou University, Chizhou 247000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yitong","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songhui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Planning, Chizhou University, Chizhou 247000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9777-039X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengjia","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Planning, Chizhou University, Chizhou 247000, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Agricultural Ecological Resources and Environment, Chizhou University, Chizhou 247000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1186\/s13068-023-02403-2","article-title":"Integrating genome-wide association study with transcriptomic data to predict candidate genes influencing Brassica napus root and biomass-related traits under low phosphorus conditions","volume":"16","author":"Ahmad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Biofuels Bioprod."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, J.Y., Li, R.H., Wang, K.X., Xu, Y.F., Lu, H.J., and Zhang, D.Q. (2025). Combined bulked segregant analysis-sequencing and transcriptome analysis to identify candidate genes associated with cold stress in Brassica napus L.. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26031148"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, R.S., Wu, G.Y., Zhang, J.Y., Hu, W.Z., Yao, X.T., Jiang, L.X., and Zhu, Y. (2025). Integration of gwas and transcriptome analysis to identify temperature-dependent genes involved in germination of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Front. Plant Sci., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2025.1551317"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"uhae366","DOI":"10.1093\/hr\/uhae366","article-title":"Flavonoids as key players in cold tolerance: Molecular insights and applications in horticultural crops","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hortic. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2025.154526","article-title":"MbWRKY50 confers cold and drought tolerance through upregulating antioxidant capacity associated with ROS scavenging","volume":"310","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/jipb.13601","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species: Multidimensional regulators of plant adaptation to abiotic stress and development","volume":"66","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Integr. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.14112","article-title":"MdNAC104 positively regulates apple cold tolerance via CBF-dependent and CBF-independent pathways","volume":"21","author":"Mei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xplc.2025.101487","article-title":"The class III peroxidase OsPrx20 is a key regulator of stress response and growth in rice","volume":"6","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Commun."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.139979","article-title":"The CaCAD1-CaPOA1 module positively regulates pepper resistance to cold stress by increasing lignin accumulation","volume":"290","author":"Xiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2023.154120","article-title":"Integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome reveals insights for low-temperature germination in hybrid rapeseeds (Brassica napus L.)","volume":"291","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2025.110778","article-title":"Cold resistance identification and transcriptomic responses of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) seedlings under cold stress","volume":"229","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2025.110844","article-title":"Tropine alkaloid-driven panomic (transcriptome\u2013metabolome) reprogramming delivers insights into cold stress tolerance in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)","volume":"230","author":"Luo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2025.112456","article-title":"Multifaceted role of selenium in plant physiology and stress resilience: A review","volume":"355","author":"Abdullah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.70164","article-title":"Effect of foliar sodium selenite fertilization on oxidative stress and productivity in Olea europaea L., biofortification and quality of extra virgin olive oil","volume":"106","author":"Klein","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-022-04017-8","article-title":"Micro-analytical and molecular approaches for understanding the distribution, biochemistry, and molecular biology of selenium in (hyperaccumulator) plants","volume":"257","author":"Irish","year":"2023","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeng, X.X., Luo, G.Q., Fan, Z.C., Xiao, Z.J., Lu, Y.K., Xiao, Q., Hou, Z., Tang, Q.Y., and Zhou, Y.F. (2024). Whole genome identification, molecular docking and expression analysis of enzymes involved in the selenomethionine cycle in Cardamine hupingshanensis. BMC Plant Biol., 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-024-04898-9"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8141","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.70106","article-title":"Flavonoid-lignin crosstalk: Engineering metabolic flux for optimised plant growth and stress resilience","volume":"48","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, X.R., Lv, L.J., Zhao, A.J., Zhao, W., Liu, Y.P., Li, Z.T., Li, H., and Chen, X.Y. (2025). Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed differential drought stress response mechanisms of wheat seedlings with varying drought tolerance. BMC Plant Biol., 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-025-06603-w"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2025.110064","article-title":"Combined analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome revealed that selenium nanoparticles mediate root development in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)","volume":"226","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2024.154237","article-title":"Selenium in plants: A nexus of growth, antioxidants, and phytohormones","volume":"296","author":"Ikram","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01370-4","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of bio-selenium nanoparticles and sodium selenite on morpho-physiochemical attributes under normal and salt stress conditions, besides selenium detoxification pathways in Brassica napus L.","volume":"20","author":"Hashem","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hussain, S., Ahmed, S., Akram, W., Li, G.H., and Yasin, N.A. (2023). Selenium seed priming enhanced the growth of salt-stressed Brassica rapa L. Through improving plant nutrition and the antioxidant system. Front. Plant Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.1050359"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-009-8542-3","article-title":"Responses of wheat seedlings to exogenous selenium supply under cold stress","volume":"136","author":"Chu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s11240-026-03363-9","article-title":"Selenium nanoparticles against cold stress: A molecular and physio-biochemical perspective in buckwheat","volume":"164","author":"Bayraktar","year":"2026","journal-title":"Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285169","DOI":"10.1080\/15592324.2023.2285169","article-title":"Cold acclimation alleviates photosynthetic inhibition and oxidative damage induced by cold stress in citrus seedlings","volume":"18","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Signal. Behav."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5570","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-89463-6","article-title":"Selenium foliar application alleviates salinity stress in sweet william (Dianthus barbatus L.) by enhancing growth and reducing oxidative damage","volume":"15","author":"Alvan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2021.104475","article-title":"Effect of selenium on tea (Camellia sinensis) under low temperature: Changes in physiological and biochemical responses and quality","volume":"188","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alam, P., Faizan, M., Arif, Y., Azzam, M.M., Hayat, S., Afzal, S., and Albalawi, T. (2025). Reactive oxygen species: Balancing agents in plants. Front. Plant Sci., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2025.1713590"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-022-00499-2","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species signalling in plant stress responses","volume":"23","author":"Mittler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-07320-0","article-title":"Chilling- and dark-regulated photoprotection in Miscanthus, an economically important C4 grass","volume":"7","author":"Haupt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2971","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.14917","article-title":"Freezing treatment under light conditions leads to a dramatic enhancement of freezing tolerance in cold-acclimated Arabidopsis","volume":"47","author":"Sugita","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5030","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.15481","article-title":"Light quantity impacts early response to cold and cold acclimation in young leaves of Arabidopsis","volume":"48","author":"Dubois","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y.X., Pan, J.J., Ni, S., Xing, B.C., Cheng, K.J., and Peng, X. (2022). Transcriptome and metabonomics combined analysis revealed the defense mechanism involved in hydrogen-rich water-regulated cold stress response of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum. Front. Plant Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.889726"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, Z., Meng, S.L., Huang, J., Zhou, W.D., Song, X.L., Hao, P.Y., Tang, P.G., Cao, Y.H., Zhang, F., and Li, H.X. (2024). Transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism of exogenous selenium in alleviating cadmium stress in purple flowering stalks (Brassica campestris var. Purpuraria). Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031800"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, Y.C., Liu, Y.N., Wang, Y., Yang, R.J., Yuan, Z.N., and Li, H. (2025). Investigation of the physiological and molecular regulatory mechanism of soluble sugar metabolism in Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Under cold stress. Front. Plant Sci., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2025.1537516"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1111\/plb.13510","article-title":"Assessment of proline function in higher plants under extreme temperatures","volume":"25","author":"Raza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alegre, S., Pascual, J., Trotta, A., Angeleri, M., Rahikainen, M., Brosche, M., Moffatt, B., and Kangasj\u00e4rvi, S. (2020). Evolutionary conservation and post-translational control of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase in land plants. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227466"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-024-03227-6","article-title":"Gene identification, expression analysis, and molecular docking of SAT and OASTL in the metabolic pathway of selenium in Cardamine hupingshanensis","volume":"43","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8878","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.70172","article-title":"Integrated physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses reveal the response mechanisms of selenium (Se) and boron (B) under lead (Pb) stress in tobacco","volume":"48","author":"Jin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s11103-021-01181-5","article-title":"The phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis is crucial for indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis and plant growth promotion conferred by the root endophyte Colletotrichum tofieldiae","volume":"107","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-05746-6","article-title":"The phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis affects sperm, embryo, and sporophyte development, and metabolism in Marchantia polymorpha","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X.C., Chao, N., Zhang, M., Jiang, X.N., and Gai, Y. (2019). Functional characteristics of caffeoyl shikimate esterase in Larix kaempferi and monolignol biosynthesis in gymnosperms. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20236071"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, R.N., You, J., Li, J.R., Li, H., Lamlom, S.F., Ren, H.L., and Wang, J.J. (2025). Genome-wide analysis of soybean cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase genes identifies GmCAD3 as a positive regulator of Fusarium oxysporum resistance. Front. Plant Sci., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2025.1731612"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, H.D., Xiao, C.M., Qiu, T.C., Deng, J., Cheng, H., Cong, X., Cheng, S.Y., Rao, S., and Zhang, Y. (2023). Selenium regulates antioxidant, photosynthesis, and cell permeability in plants under various abiotic stresses: A review. Plants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12010044"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, S.N., Yu, X.L., Tan, J., Sun, H.X., Yang, W., Jiang, L.Y., Zang, Z.Y., Ci, J.B., and Ren, X.J. (2026). Transcriptomics reveals cold tolerance maize lines involved in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways. Plants, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15010161"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jahed, K.R., Saini, A.K., and Sherif, S.M. (2023). Coping with the cold: Unveiling cryoprotectants, molecular signaling pathways, and strategies for cold stress resilience. Front. Plant Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1246093"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.13738","article-title":"Diverse functions and reactions of class III peroxidases","volume":"209","author":"Shigeto","year":"2016","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, Y., Cao, S., Wang, X., Liu, Y., Sun, Z., Zhang, Y., Li, M., Wang, Y., He, W., and Zhang, Y. (2024). Foliar application of sodium selenite affects the growth, antioxidant system, and fruit quality of strawberry. Front. Plant Sci., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1449157"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, L., Wu, S., Wang, S., Shi, X., Cheng, S., and Cheng, H. (2023). Molecular mechanism of exogenous selenium affecting the nutritional quality, species and content of organic selenium in mustard. Agronomy, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy13051425"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.32615\/ps.2024.012","article-title":"Selenite foliar application increased the accumulation of medicinal components in Paeonia ostii by promoting antioxidant capacity, reducing oxidative stress, and improving photosynthetic capacity","volume":"62","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Photosynthetica"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.59.2.309","article-title":"Superoxide dismutases: I. Occurrence in higher plants","volume":"59","author":"Giannopolitis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2018.05.014","article-title":"Plant growth promoting Curtobacterium albidum strain srv4: An agriculturally important microbe to alleviate salinity stress in paddy plants","volume":"105","author":"Vimal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.24326\/asphc.2019.5.15","article-title":"Alleviation of adverse effects of salt stress on lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. Crispa) by application of vermicompost","volume":"18","author":"Kiran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4067\/S0718-58392022000100021","article-title":"Effects of exogenous salicylic acid and abscisic acid on growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant system of rice","volume":"82","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chil. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s10725-006-9150-2","article-title":"Effects of superoxide radicals on ACC synthase activity in chilling-stressed etiolated mungbean seedlings","volume":"51","author":"Ke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(94)33032-8","article-title":"Iodometric determination of hydroperoxides in lipids and proteins","volume":"233","author":"Jessup","year":"1994","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2011.0118","article-title":"Clusterprofiler: An r package for comparing biological themes among gene clusters","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"OMICS J. Integr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wen, B., Mei, Z.L., Zeng, C.W., and Liu, S.Q. (2017). Metax: A flexible and comprehensive software for processing metabolomics data. BMC Bioinform., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-017-1579-y"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/16\/7424\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T04:17:28Z","timestamp":1787285848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/16\/7424"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27167424"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27167424","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]}}}