{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T04:27:44Z","timestamp":1787372864872,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05dwvd537","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Silicone elastomers are attractive matrices for transdermal drug delivery systems, but the controlled release of poorly water-soluble drugs from hydrophobic silicone networks remains challenging. Medical-grade silicone elastomers are generally regarded as chemically stable, biologically inert, and highly biocompatible polymer matrices, which supports their use in biomedical and pharmaceutical materials. Here, ibuprofen-loaded silicone\/polyol composite films were prepared from hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS-OH) using glycerol- and 1,2-propylene glycol-derived alkoxysilane cross-linkers and amino-terminated PDMS as a metal-free room-temperature-vulcanising catalyst. The effects of cross-linker composition, glycerol, PEG 200 and selected functional additives on film formation, morphology, apparent ibuprofen release and preliminary Strat-M\u00ae permeation were evaluated. FTIR analysis indicated no covalent reaction between ibuprofen and the silicone network, but suggested hydrogen-bonding interactions with polyol-rich domains, particularly in glycerol-containing systems. Raman mapping supported ibuprofen incorporation within the films, while SEM showed phase-separated microdomains whose morphology depended on the formulation. Apparent release into 0.9% NaCl at 37 \u00b0C was formulation-dependent over 72 h. The optimised F-9 film showed approximately 83% cumulative apparent release, whereas the F-10 film containing copper oxide nanoparticles and sea buckthorn oil showed the highest numerical cumulative apparent release, approximately 94%. Kinetic analysis of the apparent release data supported a mainly diffusion-controlled contribution, modulated by hydrophilic microdomains. These results provide preliminary materials-development evidence that silicone\/polyol films can be used to tune apparent ibuprofen release and merit further optimisation for local topical or transdermal applications; however, efficient skin permeation and biological performance require dedicated validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27167446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T09:48:31Z","timestamp":1787219311000},"page":"7446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of Silicone Elastomer-Based Composite Films Containing Ibuprofen and Functional Additives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5265-5469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mari","family":"Atabekyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Scientific Technological Centre of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry NAS RA, 26, Azatutyan Str., Yerevan 0014, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoya","family":"Farmazyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Scientific Technological Centre of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry NAS RA, 26, Azatutyan Str., Yerevan 0014, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelly","family":"Avagyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Scientific Technological Centre of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry NAS RA, 26, Azatutyan Str., Yerevan 0014, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vigen","family":"Topuzyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Scientific Technological Centre of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry NAS RA, 26, Azatutyan Str., Yerevan 0014, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7193-9803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stepan","family":"Grigoryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Scientific Technological Centre of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry NAS RA, 26, Azatutyan Str., Yerevan 0014, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4601-7145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gohar","family":"Khachatryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Analysis and Quality Assessment, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7823-5406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Khachatryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.2174\/1567201816666190201143457","article-title":"Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery: From Simple Potions to Smart Technologies","volume":"16","author":"Benson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. 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