{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T11:32:52Z","timestamp":1788175972816,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23-65-10040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-65-10040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["23-65-10040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-65-10040"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03y2gwe85","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of the study was to synthesize nanocomposites based on cerium orthophosphate stabilized with citrate at different ratios for biomedical applications, and to evaluate its safety in different animal species. Nanocomposites were synthesized using four different initial mass ratios of Ce(NO3)3 \u00d7 6H2O to citric acid: 1:5 (Ce:5CA), 1:3 (Ce:3CA), 1:1 (Ce:1CA), and 1:0.5 (Ce:0.5CA). The obtained products were characterized by a series of physicochemical methods including X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and IR spectroscopy. Biomedical studies of the sols were performed to evaluate redox activity and their effects on the metabolism and proliferation of human fibroblasts. Safety studies were carried out in different animal species, including determination of the acute toxicity of the selected nanocomposite following application to intact skin and intragastric administration, as well as determination of subchronic toxicity using a model of acute experimental full-thickness skin wounds. According to the physicochemical studies, all synthesized nanocomposites contained nanocrystals with bimodal dimensions (width 3\u201310 nm, length 15\u201340 nm) and diffraction peaks characteristic of CePO4. IR spectroscopy demonstrated the formation of new chemical bonds. Antioxidant activity was observed for the Ce:3CA, Ce:1CA, and Ce:0.5CA samples, being most pronounced for Ce:1\u20130.5CA, whose antioxidant capacity exceeded that of ascorbic acid. In contrast, Ce:5CA exhibited pro-oxidant activity at all tested concentrations. Biocompatibility with human cells was demonstrated. Ce:0.5CA was identified as the most promising candidate for biomedical applications owing to its highest regenerative and antioxidant potential and its demonstrated safety in animals following topical and intragastric administration, as well as in wound models. Histomorphological examination of the internal organs supported the safety and potential of the developed nanocomposites for skin regeneration and wound healing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27167476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T08:14:01Z","timestamp":1787300041000},"page":"7476","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Novel Cerium Phosphate\u2013Citric Acid Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications in Regenerative Medicine: In Vitro and In Vivo Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0246-5149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekaterina V.","family":"Silina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 119991, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4281-1947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia E.","family":"Manturova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 117997, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena L.","family":"Chuvilina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LANHIT LLC, Moscow 105118, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akhmedali A.","family":"Gasanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LANHIT LLC, Moscow 105118, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga I.","family":"Andreeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 119991, Russia"},{"name":"LANHIT LLC, Moscow 105118, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena B.","family":"Artyushkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kursk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kursk 305041, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikhail P.","family":"Gladchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kursk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kursk 305041, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2412-0475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandr V.","family":"Ivanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kursk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kursk 305041, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor T.","family":"Dudka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kursk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kursk 305041, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergey Y.","family":"Mironov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kursk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kursk 305041, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2691-1891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daria D.","family":"Tkachenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 119991, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4185-6783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anatoly V.","family":"Skalny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 119991, Russia"},{"name":"Yaroslavl State University, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Yaroslavl 150003, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0348-6192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexey A.","family":"Tinkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 119991, Russia"},{"name":"Yaroslavl State University, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Yaroslavl 150003, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0169-5014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia Y.","family":"Tabachkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Science & Technology MISIS, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Moscow 119049, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9522-8061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor A.","family":"Stupin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 117997, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chandra, R., and Tomar, R. (2023). Cerium-Based Materials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications, Bentham Science Publishers Pte. Ltd.","DOI":"10.2174\/97898150800871230101"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27194","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA04736H","article-title":"Cerium oxide nanoparticles: Properties, biosynthesis and biomedical application","volume":"10","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Titova, S.A., Kruglova, M.P., Stupin, V.A., Manturova, N.E., and Silina, E.V. (2025). Potential Applications of Rare Earth Metal Nanoparticles in Biomedicine. Pharmaceuticals, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18020154"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.61882\/JCT.16.1.90","article-title":"Comparison of the anticancer effects of cerium nanoparticles produced by two methods, sol-gel and green synthesis by aqueous extract of Xanthium strumarium leaves, on the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231","volume":"16","author":"Hanachi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cell Tissue"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barker, E., Shepherd, J., and Asencio, I.O. (2022). The Use of Cerium Compounds as Antimicrobials for Biomedical Applications. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27092678"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rechem.2025.102302","article-title":"Cerium oxide nanoparticles, physical and chemical properties, applications and toxicological implications: A review","volume":"15","author":"Mohajeri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Results Chem."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30285","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-13914-3","article-title":"Cerium oxide nanoparticles prepared through Bio-combustion using Ficus Carica as effective antioxidant, anti-cancer and dye degrading agent","volume":"15","author":"Majani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.17116\/plast.hirurgia2023031120","article-title":"Cerium oxide nanoparticles for surgery, plastic surgery and aesthetic medicine","volume":"3","author":"Manturova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plast. Surg. Aesthetic Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.32861\/ajc.74.47.54","article-title":"Adsorption of UO22+ on Fibrous Cerium Phosphate and its Alanine and Arginine Intercalated Materials","volume":"7","author":"AlHanash","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acad. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1007\/s42247-022-00432-5","article-title":"Synthesis of novel white pigments by shaking cerium compounds with phosphoric acid","volume":"6","author":"Onoda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emergent Mater."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1007\/s41779-025-01190-3","article-title":"Synthesis of cerium dioxide-based pigments with co-precipitated phosphate: Tuning oxidation catalytic activity for cosmetic and paint applications","volume":"61","author":"Onoda","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Aust. Ceram. Soc."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012013","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/2357\/1\/012013","article-title":"Investigation of intensity dependent nonlinear absorption in cerium phosphate nanorods","volume":"2357","author":"Peter","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Phys. Conf. Ser."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1007\/s10008-021-04956-4","article-title":"TiO2\/CeO2-CePO4-decorated enzymatic glucose biosensors operating in oxygen-restrictive environments","volume":"25","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Solid State Electrochem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2021.166683","article-title":"Photocatalytic and photoluminescence properties of CePO4 nanostructures prepared by coprecipitation method and thermal treatment","volume":"238","author":"Bouddouch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Optik"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2023.11.064","article-title":"Yellowish white light emitting Dy3+ ions doped CePO4 nanocrystals for photonic applications","volume":"125","author":"Sisira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Today Proc."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2020.07.175","article-title":"Cerium-doped calcium phosphates precipitated on bacterial cellulose platform by mineralization","volume":"46","author":"Sousa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117999","article-title":"The combined antibacterial and anticancer properties of nano Ce-containing Mg-phosphate ceramic","volume":"257","author":"Farag","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s10965-020-02324-w","article-title":"Application of cerium phosphate in preparing anti-ultraviolet PET fibers with masterbatch method","volume":"27","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Polym. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Llusar, M., Escuder, B., L\u00f3pez-Castro, J.D.D., Trasobares, S., and Monr\u00f3s, G. (2017). Transcription of Nanofibrous Cerium Phosphate Using a pH-Sensitive Lipodipeptide Hydrogel Template. Gels, 3.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels3020023"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cartre.2024.100392","article-title":"Chitosan-collagen-cerium hydroxyapatite nanocomposites for In-vitro gentamicin drug delivery and antibacterial properties","volume":"16","author":"Quilumbango","year":"2024","journal-title":"Carbon Trends"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Titova, S.A., Stupin, V.A., Manturova, N.E., Chuvilina, E.L., Gasanov, A.A., Parfenov, V.A., and Silina, E.V. (2026). Nanosized Cerium Phosphate: Synthesis Methods, Morphology, and Potential Applications in Biomedicine. Biomedicines, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines14061337"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silina, E.V., Stupin, V.A., Manturova, N.E., Chuvilina, E.L., Gasanov, A.A., Andreeva, O.I., Korobko, E.V., Andreeva, N.V., Dodonova, S.A., and Tkachenko, D.D. (2025). Cerium Phosphate Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Biocompatibility, Regenerative Potential, and Antioxidant Activity. Molecules, 30.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30193916"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jssc.2022.123406","article-title":"Ce-MOFs derived cerium phosphate for high-efficiency electrochemical detection of metronidazole","volume":"314","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Solid State Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8477","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CE01404B","article-title":"A simple method to control the formation mechanisms of cerium phosphate architectures","volume":"17","author":"Eszter","year":"2015","journal-title":"CrystEngComm"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlumin.2024.120822","article-title":"Biosynthesis of lanthanum oxide-cerium phosphate as luminescent materials using a marine soft coral for cytotoxic, photocatalytic and photometric applications","volume":"275","author":"Janani","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Lumin."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1134\/S0018143924020024","article-title":"Effect of CeO2 Coupling on the Structural, Optical and Photocatalytic Performance of CePO4 Nanoparticles","volume":"58","author":"Kurian","year":"2024","journal-title":"High Energy Chem."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2017.01.130","article-title":"Surfactant-free hydrothermal synthesis of CePO4 microbundles assembled by aligned nanorods","volume":"194","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49879","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA10089A","article-title":"Green synthesis of biomimetic CePO4: Tb nanostructures using the simplest morphology control","volume":"4","author":"Pusztai","year":"2014","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Titova, S.A., Kruglova, M.P., Stupin, V.A., Manturova, N.E., Achar, R.R., Deshpande, G., Parfenov, V.A., and Silina, E.V. (2025). Excipients for Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticle Stabilization in the Perspective of Biomedical Applications. Molecules, 30.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30061210"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4289","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CE00491J","article-title":"Lactic-acid enhanced solvothermal crystallization, color-tunable photoluminescence, and thermal stability of h-LaPO4:Ce3+, Tb3+, Sm3+ nanocrystals","volume":"22","author":"Zou","year":"2020","journal-title":"CrystEngComm"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4639","DOI":"10.1039\/c3dt32799j","article-title":"Nano- and microsized Eu3+ and Tb3+-doped lanthanide hydroxycarbonates and oxycarbonates. The influence of glucose and fructose as stabilizing ligands","volume":"42","author":"Kaczmarek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1007\/s42114-020-00159-z","article-title":"Surfactant-assisted cerium oxide and its catalytic activity towards Fenton process for non-degradable dye","volume":"3","author":"Jain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Compos. Hybrid Mater."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5691","DOI":"10.1007\/s10904-024-03263-5","article-title":"Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Polymeric Composites: Advancements in Biomedical Applications","volume":"34","author":"Selvaraj","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e324","DOI":"10.1002\/agt2.324","article-title":"Probing the electrostatic aggregation of nanoparticles with oppositely charged molecular ions","volume":"4","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aggregate"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3582","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.7b09930","article-title":"Investigation of the Ligand\u2013Nanoparticle Interface: A Cryogenic Approach for Preserving Surface Chemistry","volume":"122","author":"Karakoti","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ksi\u0105\u017cek, E. (2024). Citric Acid: Properties, Microbial Production, and Applications in Industries. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29010022"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2016.03.005","article-title":"The influence of Citrate or PEG coating on silver nanoparticle toxicity to a human keratinocyte cell line","volume":"249","author":"Bastos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silina, E.V., Ivanova, O.S., Manturova, N.E., Medvedeva, O.A., Shevchenko, A.V., Vorsina, E.S., Achar, R.R., Parfenov, V.A., and Stupin, V.A. (2024). Antimicrobial Activity of Citrate-Coated Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano14040354"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7854","DOI":"10.1039\/D3NR01109G","article-title":"Efficient capture of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) with citrate-coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles","volume":"15","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3907","DOI":"10.1007\/s11696-024-03361-1","article-title":"Morphology and optical properties of wet chemistry synthesized submicron CePO4:Tb3+ hollow spheres","volume":"78","author":"Trinh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Pap."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1007\/s10562-025-05017-5","article-title":"Preparation of CeO2-CePO4 Denitration Catalyst with Wide Temperature Window by a Citric Acid-Assisted Precipitation Method","volume":"155","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Catal. Lett."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5592437","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5592437","article-title":"The Effect of Tartaric Acid and Citric Acid as a Complexing Agent on Defect Structure and Conductivity of Copper Samarium Co-Doped Ceria Prepared by a Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion Method","volume":"2021","author":"Kornrawit","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-016-1311-7","article-title":"Self-assembly synthesis of LaPO4 hierarchical hollow spheres with enhanced photocatalytic CO2-reduction performance","volume":"10","author":"Pan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silina, E.V., Prazdnova, E.V., Emelyantsev, S.A., Khmelevtsova, L.E., Statsenko, V.N., Manturova, N.E., Palkina, K.A., Yampolsky, I.V., and Stupin, V.A. (2026). Studying the Biological Activity of Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using Bacterial Biosensors. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27073179"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2017.01.009","article-title":"Convenient UV-spectrophotometric determination of citrates in aqueous solutions with applications in the pharmaceutical analysis of oral electrolyte formulations","volume":"25","author":"Krukowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Drug Anal."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpcs.2020.109751","article-title":"Physics of Ce3+\u2194Ce4+ electronic transition in phytosynthesized CeO2\/CePO4 nanocomposites and its antibacterial activities","volume":"148","author":"Noor","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Solids"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s10965-025-04599-3","article-title":"Enhanced antimicrobial properties of colored PET fibers through the synergistic effects of cerium phosphate and silver nanoparticles","volume":"32","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Polym. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1007\/s12034-017-1480-3","article-title":"Phosphate-dependent modulation of antibacterial strategy: A redox state-controlled toxicity of cerium oxide nanoparticles","volume":"40","author":"Sargia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bull. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.17816\/brmma689101","article-title":"Potential biomedical use of nanosized cerium phosphate compounds in wound healing","volume":"27","author":"Dodonova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bull. Russ. Mil. Med. Acad."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1039\/D1TB02604F","article-title":"Amorphous and crystalline cerium(IV) phosphates: Biocompatible ROS-scavenging sunscreens","volume":"10","author":"Kozlova","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2302328","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202302328","article-title":"A Multifunctional Hydrogel for Simultaneous Visible H2O2 Monitoring and Accelerating Diabetic Wound Healing","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2914","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.5c02105","article-title":"Potential of (NH4)2Ce(PO4)2\u00b7H2O Phase for the Next Generation of Sunscreens: UV-Shielding Properties, Cytotoxicity and Biochemical Behavior","volume":"9","author":"Kozlova","year":"2026","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2024.214063","article-title":"The interaction of phosphate species with cerium oxide: The known, the ambiguous and the unexplained","volume":"166","author":"Ta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomater. Adv."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paveli\u0107, K., Kraljevi\u0107 Paveli\u0107, S., Bulog, A., Agaj, A., Rojni\u0107, B., \u010coli\u0107, M., and Trivanovi\u0107, D. (2023). Nanoparticles in Medicine: Current Status in Cancer Treatment. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241612827"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez de la Rosa, S.Y., Mu\u00f1iz Diaz, R., Villalobos Guti\u00e9rrez, P.T., Patakfalvi, R., and Guti\u00e9rrez Coronado, \u00d3. (2022). Functionalized Platinum Nanoparticles with Biomedical Applications. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23169404"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lachowicz, J.I., Lecca, L.I., Meloni, F., and Campagna, M. (2021). Metals and Metal-Nanoparticles in Human Pathologies: From Exposure to Therapy. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26216639"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25685","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c03890","article-title":"Ceria Nanozyme and Phosphate Prodrugs: Drug Synthesis through Enzyme Mimicry","volume":"13","author":"Walther","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4547","DOI":"10.1039\/C4AN00952E","article-title":"Luminescent CePO4:Tb colloids for 22O2 and glucose sensing","volume":"139","author":"Lv","year":"2014","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.8b02423","article-title":"Cerium Phosphate-Cerium Oxide Heterogeneous Composite Nanozymes with Enhanced Peroxidase-Like Biomimetic Activity for Glucose and Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing","volume":"58","author":"Vinothkumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"295","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of citric acid against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans as a sanitizer agent","volume":"8","author":"Eliuz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eurasian J. For. Sci."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2018.05.003","article-title":"Citrate chemistry and biology for biomaterials design","volume":"178","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1039\/D4NH00171K","article-title":"Oxidative stress modulating nanomaterials and their biochemical roles in nanomedicine","volume":"9","author":"Patel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nanoscale Horiz."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ge, X., Cao, Z., and Chu, L. (2022). The Antioxidant Effect of the Metal and Metal-Oxide Nanoparticles. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11040791"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.1c04518","article-title":"Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles as Antioxidant or Pro-oxidant Agents","volume":"5","author":"Dutta","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lazareva, P.I., Stupin, V.A., Lazarev, K.A., Litvitskiy, P.F., Manturova, N.E., and Silina, E.V. (2025). Biodistribution and Toxicological Impact Assessment of Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Murine Models: A Systematic Review of In Vivo and Ex Vivo Studies. Pharmaceutics, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17111475"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2102342","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202102342","article-title":"Redox Active Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: Current Status and Burning Issues","volume":"17","author":"Lord","year":"2021","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5599","DOI":"10.1039\/D1TB00248A","article-title":"Green-synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles for photocatalytic, antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities","volume":"9","author":"Naidi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"267","article-title":"Multifunctional GelMA platforms with nanomaterials for advanced tissue therapeutics","volume":"8","author":"Kurian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1021\/cbmi.2c00002","article-title":"Recent Applications and Future Perspectives of Chemiluminescent and Bioluminescent Imaging Technologies","volume":"1","author":"Mostafa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Biomed. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2021.116197","article-title":"Chemiluminescence detection of reactive oxygen species generation and potential environmental applications","volume":"136","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coelec.2022.101023","article-title":"Organic nanoparticles for electrogenerated chemiluminescence assay","volume":"34","author":"Qi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Electrochem."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23805","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202109863","article-title":"Aggregation of Gold Nanoparticles Triggered by Hydrogen Peroxide-Initiated Chemiluminescence for Activated Tumor Theranostics","volume":"60","author":"Mao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127924","article-title":"eview on advances in structure\u2013activity relationship, reaction & deactivation mechanism and rational improving design of selective catalytic reduction deNOx catalysts: Challenges and opportunities","volume":"343","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9043","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13069-5","article-title":"Bifunctional CePO4\/CeO2 nanocomposite as a promising heterogeneous catalyst for the enhancement of the ozonation recovery effect in the presence of chloride ions","volume":"12","author":"Wolski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dewanjee, S., Das, R.C., Cooray, N.P., Kim, J.H., and Konstantinov, K. (2026). High performance non-transition metal oxide based nano UVB filters for sunscreen applications. Inorg. Chem. Commun.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inoche.2026.116366"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/16\/7476\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T11:47:55Z","timestamp":1787572075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/16\/7476"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27167476"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27167476","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]}}}